arXiv:2603.19008cs.CLcs.AI2026-03

让检索更聚焦答案选择,提升大模型决策能力。

Hypothesis-Conditioned Query Rewriting for Decision-Useful Retrieval

  • 基于假设重写查询,从找相关话题转向找决策证据。
  • 在MedQA和MMLU-Med上分别提升5.9和3.6分准确率。
  • 无需训练,适合医疗等需精准判断的任务。

检索增强生成(RAG)通过引入外部非参数化知识来提升大语言模型的表现。然而,在需要在多个选项中做决策的任务中,仅依赖主题相关的上下文往往不足以支持最终判断。现有RAG方法通常使用单一初始查询,倾向于检索主题相关而非决策相关的证据,导致所获信息无法有效区分不同选项。为此,本文提出无训练的预检索框架Hypothesis-Conditioned Query Rewriting(HCQR),将RAG从主题导向转为证据导向。HCQR首先从问题和候选答案推导出一个轻量级假设,再生成三个针对性查询:(1) 支持该假设的证据,(2) 区分该假设与竞争选项的证据,(3) 验证问题中关键线索的证据。该方法使检索内容更直接服务于答案选择,使生成器能依据检索结果验证或推翻初始假设。在MedQA和MMLU-Med上的实验表明,HCQR显著优于单查询RAG和重排序/过滤基线,平均准确率分别比Simple RAG提升5.9和3.6个百分点。代码已公开于https://anonymous.4open.science/r/HCQR-1C2E。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding generation in external, non-parametric knowledge. However, when a task requires choosing among competing options, simply grounding generation in broadly relevant context is often insufficient to drive the final decision. Existing RAG methods typically rely on a single initial query, which often favors topical relevance over decision-relevant evidence, and therefore retrieves background information that can fail to discriminate among answer options. To address this issue, here we propose Hypothesis-Conditioned Query Rewriting (HCQR), a training-free pre-retrieval framework that reorients RAG from topic-oriented retrieval to evidence-oriented retrieval. HCQR first derives a lightweight working hypothesis from the input question and candidate options, and then rewrites retrieval into three targeted queries that seek evidence to: (1) support the hypothesis, (2) distinguish it from competing alternatives, and (3) verify salient clues in the question. This approach enables context retrieval that is more directly aligned with answer selection, allowing the generator to confirm or overturn the initial hypothesis based on the retrieved evidence. Experiments on MedQA and MMLU-Med show that HCQR consistently outperforms single-query RAG and re-rank/filter baselines, improving average accuracy over Simple RAG by 5.9 and 3.6 points, respectively. Code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/HCQR-1C2E.

RAG决策生成查询重写医疗AI

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