为机器人仿真添加高精度火灾动力学,提升训练与评估真实性。
Fire as a Service: Augmenting Robot Simulators with Thermally and Visually Accurate Fire Dynamics

- 异步协同仿真,实时融合热传导与烟雾视觉效果。
- 支持多模态感知数据生成,可用于训练反应式控制策略。
- 适配多种机器人仿真器,适合消防机器人研发与测试。
现有机器人仿真器主要关注刚体动力学与照片级渲染,却忽略真实火灾环境中的热学与光学复杂性。对于未来可能作为消防员的机器人,这一缺陷限制了能力评估与部署前训练数据的生成。为此,我们提出「火即服务」(Fire as a Service, FaaS),一种新型异步协同仿真框架,可向现有机器人仿真器高效注入高保真火灾模拟。该流程使机器人能体验精确的多物种热传递与视觉一致的体积烟雾,同时不干扰高频刚体控制回路。我们验证了该框架可集成于多种仿真器,生成物理准确的火灾行为,量化机器人面临的热危害,并收集真实多模态感知数据。关键在于其实时性能支持人机协同远程操作,成功通过行为克隆训练出反应式、多模态策略。FaaS为机器人在火灾场景中的安全可靠部署提供了可扩展路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Most existing robot simulators prioritize rigid-body dynamics and photorealistic rendering, but largely neglect the thermally and optically complex phenomena that characterize real-world fire environments. For robots envisioned as future firefighters, this limitation hinders both reliable capability evaluation and the generation of representative training data prior to deployment in hazardous scenarios. To address these challenges, we introduce Fire as a Service (FaaS), a novel, asynchronous co-simulation framework that augments existing robot simulators with high-fidelity and computationally efficient fire simulations. Our pipeline enables robots to experience accurate, multi-species thermodynamic heat transfer and visually consistent volumetric smoke without disrupting high-frequency rigid-body control loops. We demonstrate that our framework can be integrated with diverse robot simulators to generate physically accurate fire behavior, benchmark thermal hazards encountered by robotic platforms, and collect realistic multimodal perceptual data. Crucially, its real-time performance supports human-in-the-loop teleoperation, enabling the successful training of reactive, multimodal policies via Behavioral Cloning. By adding fire dynamics to robot simulations, FaaS provides a scalable pathway toward safer, more reliable deployment of robots in fire scenarios.
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