用神经网络解决多机器人路径优化难题,能自动权衡效率与公平性。
CAMO: A Conditional Neural Solver for the Multi-objective Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem
- 通过条件编码器融合偏好信息,实现多目标权衡控制。
- 在多种任务规模下逼近最优解集,优于传统算法和现有神经方法。
- 适合需要多机器人协同规划的智能系统,如物流配送、巡检机器人。
机器人系统常需多台机器人协同访问多个目标点,同时优化总路程和完成时间等相互冲突的目标,这可建模为多目标多旅行商问题(MOMTSP)。尽管基于学习的方法在单机器人及多目标旅行商问题上表现良好,但很少同时应对多智能体协作与多目标权衡带来的双重复杂性。为此,我们提出CAMO,一种可泛化于不同目标数、机器人数和偏好向量的条件神经求解器,能生成高质量的帕累托前沿近似解。CAMO包含一个条件编码器,将偏好信息融入实例表示,实现对多目标权衡的显式控制;以及一个协作解码器,通过交替选择代理和节点,自回归地构建多智能体路径。为提升泛化能力,采用混合问题规模分布的REINFORCE目标进行训练。大量实验表明,CAMO优于神经方法和传统启发式算法,在逼近帕累托前沿方面更具优势。消融实验验证了各组件有效性,真实移动机器人平台测试也证明其实际可用性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robotic systems often require a team of robots to collectively visit multiple targets while optimizing competing objectives, such as total travel cost and makespan. This setting can be formulated as the Multi-Objective Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (MOMTSP). Although learning-based methods have shown strong performance on the single-agent TSP and multi-objective TSP variants, they rarely address the combined challenges of multi-agent coordination and multi-objective trade-offs, which introduce dual sources of complexity. To bridge this gap, we propose CAMO, a conditional neural solver for MOMTSP that generalizes across varying numbers of targets, agents, and preference vectors, and yields high-quality approximations to the Pareto front (PF). Specifically, CAMO consists of a conditional encoder to fuse preferences into instance representations, enabling explicit control over multi-objective trade-offs, and a collaborative decoder that coordinates all agents by alternating agent selection and node selection to construct multi-agent tours autoregressively. To further improve generalization, we train CAMO with a REINFORCE-based objective over a mixed distribution of problem sizes. Extensive experiments show that CAMO outperforms both neural and conventional heuristics, achieving a closer approximation of PFs. In addition, ablation results validate the contributions of CAMO's key components, and real-world tests on a mobile robot platform demonstrate its practical applicability.
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