比较人类与大模型在跨域联想下的创造力表现差异。
Assessing the Effect of Cross-Domain Mapping on Creativity in Humans and Large Language Models
- 用随机远域概念激发创意，对比人类与大模型响应。
- 人类显著受益于跨域联想，大模型整体无明显提升。
- 远域关联越强，顶尖大模型也更受启发，适合创意研究者。
创造力是产生新想法的能力，对人类发展至关重要。大语言模型（LLMs）是否以与人类相同方式具备创造力？同一干预能否同时提升两者？我们考察了一种有前景但未经充分验证的创意干预：强制创作者从一个随机且遥远的源领域进行类比（即跨域映射）。10名人类参与者和大语言模型在两种提示下生成日常产品（如背包、电视）的创新设计：(i) 跨域映射——需从随机分配的源（如章鱼、仙人掌、GPS）汲取灵感；(ii) 用户需求——针对未满足用户需求提出创新。结果显示，人类在跨域映射下显著受益，而大模型平均产生的原创性高于人类，且跨域映射无统计显著影响。然而，当源领域与目标领域语义距离越大，跨域映射对大模型的促进作用增强；超过一定距离阈值后，最强大的大模型也显著获益。人类倾向于转移源概念的表面特征，而大模型更倾向传递结构和功能属性。研究揭示了远距离联想在创意生成中的作用，并揭示了人类与大模型对同一创意干预的系统性差异。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Creativity is the ability to come up with novel ideas, a capacity crucial for human development and flourishing. Are large language models (LLMs) creative in the same way humans are, and can the same interventions increase creativity in both? We study a promising but largely untested intervention for creativity: forcing creators to draw an analogy from a random, remote source domain (''cross-domain mapping''). Human participants and LLMs generated novel designs for ten daily products (e.g., backpack, TV) under two prompts: (i) cross-domain mapping, which required drawing inspiration from a randomly assigned source (e.g., octopus, cactus, GPS), and (ii) user need, which required proposing innovations targeting unmet user needs. We show that humans reliably benefit from randomly assigned cross-domain mappings, while LLMs, on average, generate more original ideas than humans and do not show a statistically significant effect of cross-domain mappings. However, in both systems, the impact of cross-domain mapping increases when the inspiration source becomes more semantically distant from the target, and above a distance threshold, cross-domain mapping benefits the most capable LLMs too. Humans and LLMs differed in how they used the source concept: Humans tended to transfer surface features of the source, whereas LLMs transferred structural and functional properties. Our results highlight the role of remote association in creative ideation and systematic differences in how humans and LLMs respond to the same intervention for creativity.
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