arXiv:2603.19384cs.RO2026-03

用拓扑对齐和物理先验,实现软机械手的高精度实时仿真到现实建模。

SOFTMAP: Sim2Real Soft Robot Forward Modeling via Topological Mesh Alignment and Physics Prior

  • 通过拓扑对齐将仿真与实测点云映射到统一顶点空间。
  • 硬件上实现3.786mm的形状预测误差,指尖轨迹精度达毫米级。
  • 仅需少量真实数据即可补偿仿真差异,适合实际部署场景。

软体机械手虽具备顺应性好、人机交互安全等优势,但受非线性材料特性(如滞后效应、制造差异)影响,从低维驱动指令实现精确前向建模仍是难题。本文提出SOFTMAP,一种面向腱驱动软指的端到端模拟到现实学习框架,支持实时三维前向建模。该框架包含四部分:(1) 基于ARAP的拓扑对齐,将仿真与真实点云投影至拓扑一致的顶点空间;(2) 在仿真数据上预训练的轻量MLP模型,将伺服指令映射为完整三维手指形态;(3) 在少量真实观测上训练的残差校正网络,预测逐顶点位移场以补偿模拟与现实差异;(4) 闭式线性驱动校准层,支持30 FPS实时推理。在仿真与物理硬件上评估显示,仿真下切比雪夫距离为0.389 mm,硬件上为3.786 mm,指尖轨迹跟踪达到毫米级精度,远程操作任务成功率相较基线提升36.5%。结果表明,SOFTMAP是一种高效的数据驱动建模与控制方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While soft robot manipulators offer compelling advantages over rigid counterparts, including inherent compliance, safe human-robot interaction, and the ability to conform to complex geometries, accurate forward modeling from low-dimensional actuation commands remains an open challenge due to nonlinear material phenomena such as hysteresis and manufacturing variability. We present SOFTMAP, a sim-to-real learning framework for real-time 3D forward modeling of tendon-actuated soft finger manipulators. SOFTMAP combines four components: (1) As-Rigid-As-Possible (ARAP)-based topological alignment that projects simulated and real point clouds into a shared, topologically consistent vertex space; (2) a lightweight MLP forward model pretrained on simulation data to map servo commands to full 3D finger geometry; (3) a residual correction network trained on a small set of real observations to predict per-vertex displacement fields that compensate for sim-to-real discrepancies; and (4) a closed-form linear actuation calibration layer enabling real-time inference at 30 FPS. We evaluate SOFTMAP on both simulated and physical hardware, achieving state-of-the-art shape prediction accuracy with a Chamfer distance of 0.389 mm in simulation and 3.786 mm on hardware, millimeter-level fingertip trajectory tracking across multiple target paths, and a 36.5% improvement in teleoperation task success over the baseline. Our results show that SOFTMAP provides a data-efficient approach for 3D forward modeling and control of soft manipulators.

软体机器人模拟到现实前向建模拓扑对齐

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