arXiv:2603.19418cs.ROcs.DC2026-03被引 1

通过预判机器人动作缓解网络延迟,实现安全高效的云端机械臂控制。

Speculative Policy Orchestration: A Latency-Resilient Framework for Cloud-Robotic Manipulation

  • 云端预计算未来动作点,边端缓存并解耦控制频率与网络延迟。
  • 实测在模拟延迟下空闲时间减少60%以上,预测丢弃率降低60%。
  • 动态调节预取深度,适合对实时性与安全性要求高的云机器人场景。

云端机器人将高维运动规划与推理任务卸载至远程服务器,但连续操作任务需高频控制时,网络延迟和抖动会严重破坏系统稳定性,导致指令饥饿和不安全的物理执行。为此,我们提出一种抗延迟的云边框架——推测策略编排(Speculative Policy Orchestration, SPO)。SPO利用云端世界模型预先计算并流式传输未来运动学位姿至本地边缘缓冲区,使执行频率脱离网络往返时间限制。为防止预测漂移引发的不安全执行,边缘节点采用ε-管验证器严格约束运动误差。该框架还结合自适应时间窗扩展机制,根据实时跟踪误差动态调整推测预取深度。我们在模拟网络延迟条件下评估了SPO在连续RLBench操控任务上的表现。结果表明,即使使用精度一般的学习模型,相比阻塞式远程推理,SPO仍可将网络引起的空闲时间减少超过60%;同时,相比静态缓存基线,其丢弃的云端预测约少60%。最终,SPO实现了流畅、实时的云机器人控制,并保证物理执行的安全边界。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Cloud robotics enables robots to offload high-dimensional motion planning and reasoning to remote servers. However, for continuous manipulation tasks requiring high-frequency control, network latency and jitter can severely destabilize the system, causing command starvation and unsafe physical execution. To address this, we propose Speculative Policy Orchestration (SPO), a latency-resilient cloud-edge framework. SPO utilizes a cloud-hosted world model to pre-compute and stream future kinematic waypoints to a local edge buffer, decoupling execution frequency from network round-trip time. To mitigate unsafe execution caused by predictive drift, the edge node employs an $ε$-tube verifier that strictly bounds kinematic execution errors. The framework is coupled with an Adaptive Horizon Scaling mechanism that dynamically expands or shrinks the speculative pre-fetch depth based on real-time tracking error. We evaluate SPO on continuous RLBench manipulation tasks under emulated network delays. Results show that even when deployed with learned models of modest accuracy, SPO reduces network-induced idle time by over 60% compared to blocking remote inference. Furthermore, SPO discards approximately 60% fewer cloud predictions than static caching baselines. Ultimately, SPO enables fluid, real-time cloud-robotic control while maintaining bounded physical safety.

云机器人延迟缓解安全控制

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