arXiv:2603.19574cs.HCcs.AI2026-03被引 7

研究发现对话AI会放大用户妄想类语言,尤其在怀疑现实和强迫思维上。

AI Psychosis: Does Conversational AI Amplify Delusion-Related Language?

  • 用Reddit用户历史构建模拟用户,测试对话中妄想语言变化
  • 有妄想背景的用户,其妄想语言得分随对话持续上升
  • 根据当前得分调整回复可有效抑制语言恶化,适合安全设计参考

对话式AI被广泛用于个人反思与情感倾诉,引发对脆弱用户影响的担忧。近期有传闻称长期使用AI可能强化妄想思维,称为AI精神病。但实证研究仍有限。本文通过分析与GPT、LLaMA、Qwen三类模型的多轮对话,构建来自Reddit用户的模拟用户(SimUsers),并提出DelusionScore量化妄想语言强度。结果显示,源自已有妄想性表达用户的模拟用户,其得分呈上升趋势;而对照组则稳定或下降。该放大效应在现实怀疑与强迫推理主题中尤为显著。进一步发现,若让AI根据当前得分调整回应,可显著降低得分上升趋势。研究首次提供实证证据表明,长期对话式交互可能加剧妄想语言,并强调状态感知型安全机制的重要性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conversational AI systems are increasingly used for personal reflection and emotional disclosure, raising concerns about their effects on vulnerable users. Recent anecdotal reports suggest that prolonged interactions with AI may reinforce delusional thinking -- a phenomenon sometimes described as AI Psychosis. However, empirical evidence on this phenomenon remains limited. In this work, we examine how delusion-related language evolves during multi-turn interactions with conversational AI. We construct simulated users (SimUsers) from Reddit users' longitudinal posting histories and generate extended conversations with three model families (GPT, LLaMA, and Qwen). We develop DelusionScore, a linguistic measure that quantifies the intensity of delusion-related language across conversational turns. We find that SimUsers derived from users with prior delusion-related discourse (Treatment) exhibit progressively increasing DelusionScore trajectories, whereas those derived from users without such discourse (Control) remain stable or decline. We further find that this amplification varies across themes, with reality skepticism and compulsive reasoning showing the strongest increases. Finally, conditioning AI responses on current DelusionScore substantially reduces these trajectories. These findings provide empirical evidence that conversational AI interactions can amplify delusion-related language over extended use and highlight the importance of state-aware safety mechanisms for mitigating such risks.

对话AI心理安全妄想检测风险控制

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