arXiv:2603.19601cs.CVcs.LG2026-03

用李群上的刚体运动模型,实现无滞后高精度协方差跟踪。

K-GMRF: Kinetic Gauss-Markov Random Field for First-Principles Covariance Tracking on Lie Groups

  • 将协方差演化建模为李群上的二阶刚体运动,避免相位延迟。
  • 在高速旋转下误差降低30倍,稳定性和精度显著提升。
  • 适合需要几何先验的视觉跟踪与深度网络可解释模块

协方差矩阵的非平稳跟踪是视觉任务的核心挑战,现有方法或忽略流形约束,或依赖一阶更新,导致快速变化时出现不可避免的相位滞后。本文提出K-GMRF,一种无需训练的在线协方差跟踪框架,将问题重新建模为李群上的受迫刚体运动。基于欧拉-泊松方程推导,观测被视作驱动力矩,驱动隐含角速度,通过保持结构的辛积分器传播。理论上证明该二阶动力学在恒定旋转下稳态误差为零,严格优于一阶基线的比例滞后。在三个领域验证:(i) 合成椭圆上,相比黎曼EMA将角度误差降低30倍,且在高速下保持稳定;(ii) SO(3)稳定化任务中,20%丢包率下地心距离误差从29.4°降至9.9°;(iii) OTB运动模糊序列中,BlurCar2上loU从0.55提升至0.74,成功率高达96%。作为全可微分的辛模块,K-GMRF可作为数据受限场景的几何先验,也可嵌入现代深度架构提供可解释性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Tracking non-stationary covariance matrices is fundamental to vision yet hindered by existing estimators that either neglect manifold constraints or rely on first-order updates, incurring inevitable phase lag during rapid evolution. We propose K-GMRF, an online, training-free framework for covariance tracking that reformulates the problem as forced rigid-body motion on Lie groups. Derived from the Euler-Poincaré equations, our method interprets observations as torques driving a latent angular velocity, propagated via a structure-preserving symplectic integrator. We theoretically prove that this second-order dynamics achieves zero steady-state error under constant rotation, strictly superior to the proportional lag of first-order baselines. Validation across three domains demonstrates robust tracking fidelity: (i) on synthetic ellipses, K-GMRF reduces angular error by 30x compared to Riemannian EMA while maintaining stability at high speeds; (ii) on SO(3) stabilization with 20% dropout, it decreases geodesic error from 29.4° to 9.9°; and (iii) on OTB motion-blur sequences, it improves loU from 0.55 to 0.74 on BlurCar2 with a 96% success rate. As a fully differentiable symplectic module, K-GMRF provides a plug-and-play geometric prior for data-constrained scenarios and an interpretable layer within modern deep architectures.

协方差跟踪李群几何先验运动估计

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