arXiv:2603.19925eess.IVcs.CV2026-03

通过重建特征空间与双流Mamba,提升病理切片分析的精准定位能力。

ReconMIL: Synergizing Latent Space Reconstruction with Bi-Stream Mamba for Whole Slide Image Analysis

  • 用潜空间重建让通用特征适配病理诊断任务
  • 双流架构融合全局上下文与局部异常,避免关键信息被淹没
  • 动态融合机制按需选择全局或局部信号,适合医学图像精细分析

全切片图像(WSI)分析依赖多实例学习(MIL)。尽管现有方法借助大规模基础模型和先进序列建模捕捉长程依赖,仍面临两大挑战:一是直接使用冻结的、任务无关特征导致领域差异大,判别性不足;二是仅依赖全局聚合易造成过平滑,稀疏但关键的诊断信号被主导背景掩盖。本文提出ReconMIL框架,旨在弥合领域差距并平衡全局-局部特征融合。其引入潜空间重建模块,自适应将通用特征投影至紧凑的任务特异性流形,增强边界区分能力。为防止信息稀释,设计双流结构:基于Mamba的全局流捕获上下文先验,基于CNN的局部流保留细微形态异常。尺度自适应选择机制动态融合两路输出,决定何时依赖整体结构或局部显著性。在多个诊断与生存预测基准上评估显示,ReconMIL持续优于当前最先进方法,能有效定位细粒度诊断区域并抑制背景噪声。可视化结果证实模型在全局结构与局部细节间取得良好平衡。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Whole slide image (WSI) analysis heavily relies on multiple instance learning (MIL). While recent methods benefit from large-scale foundation models and advanced sequence modeling to capture long-range dependencies, they still struggle with two critical issues. First, directly applying frozen, task-agnostic features often leads to suboptimal separability due to the domain gap with specific histological tasks. Second, relying solely on global aggregators can cause over-smoothing, where sparse but critical diagnostic signals are overshadowed by the dominant background context. In this paper, we present ReconMIL, a novel framework designed to bridge this domain gap and balance global-local feature aggregation. Our approach introduces a Latent Space Reconstruction module that adaptively projects generic features into a compact, task-specific manifold, improving boundary delineation. To prevent information dilution, we develop a bi-stream architecture combining a Mamba-based global stream for contextual priors and a CNN-based local stream to preserve subtle morphological anomalies. A scale-adaptive selection mechanism dynamically fuses these two streams, determining when to rely on overall architecture versus local saliency. Evaluations across multiple diagnostic and survival prediction benchmarks show that ReconMIL consistently outperforms current state-of-the-art methods, effectively localizing fine-grained diagnostic regions while suppressing background noise. Visualization results confirm the models superior ability to localize diagnostic regions by effectively balancing global structure and local granularity.

病理分析双流网络Mamba特征重建

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