arXiv:2603.20179hep-excs.AI2026-03被引 19

AI代理可自主完成高能物理实验分析全流程,产出新发现。

AI Agents Can Already Autonomously Perform Experimental High Energy Physics

  • 基于大语言模型的AI代理自动执行选事件、背景估计、不确定性分析等流程。
  • 在ALEPH、DELPHI、CMS数据上完成电弱、量子色动力学和希格斯测量,含首个自主发现。
  • 可替代重复性编码工作,让物理学家专注创新与验证,适合研究团队协作使用。

基于大语言模型的AI代理现已能在极少人工干预下,自主完成高能物理(HEP)分析流水线的大部分环节。在获取HEP数据集、执行框架及历史文献语料库后,Claude Code成功实现了典型分析的全部阶段:事件选择、背景估计、不确定性量化、统计推断与论文撰写。我们指出,实验高能物理界低估了当前系统的能力,多数提议的智能体流程过于狭隘或依赖特定分析结构。本文提出一个概念验证框架——仅提供上下文(JFC),整合自主分析代理与基于文献的知识检索及多代理评审机制,证明其足以规划、执行并记录可信的高能物理分析。我们在ALEPH、DELPHI和CMS的公开数据上开展分析,完成电弱、QCD和希格斯玻色子测量。其中两项结果以简短论文形式呈现:一是利用CMS Run1公开数据对$H\to τ^+τ^-$的复现,验证性能;二是首次在LEP数据上实现的吕登平面测量,为真正新颖成果,据我们所知是首个由AI代理自主生成的结果。这些工具并非取代物理学家,而是释放其从重复性代码开发中解脱,转向物理洞察、真正创新方法与严格验证。鉴于此,我们呼吁调整人才培养、分析组织与人力分配策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language model-based AI agents are now able to autonomously execute substantial portions of a high energy physics (HEP) analysis pipeline with minimal expert-curated input. Given access to a HEP dataset, an execution framework, and a corpus of prior experimental literature, we find that Claude Code succeeds in automating all stages of a typical analysis: event selection, background estimation, uncertainty quantification, statistical inference, and paper drafting. We argue that the experimental HEP community is underestimating the current capabilities of these systems, and that most proposed agentic workflows are too narrowly scoped or scaffolded to specific analysis structures. We present a proof-of-concept framework, Just Furnish Context (JFC), that integrates autonomous analysis agents with literature-based knowledge retrieval and multi-agent review, and show that this is sufficient to plan, execute, and document a credible high energy physics analysis. We demonstrate this by conducting analyses on open data from ALEPH, DELPHI, and CMS to perform electroweak, QCD, and Higgs boson measurements. We present two of those results in a condensed short paper form -- a CMS Run1 Open Data $H\to τ^+τ^-$ to demonstrate performance on a well-established result, and the first Lund plane measurement on LEP data -- a genuinely novel result and, to our knowledge, the first produced autonomously by an AI agent. Rather than replacing physicists, these tools promise to offload the repetitive technical burden of analysis code development, freeing researchers to focus on physics insight, truly novel method development, and rigorous validation. Given these developments, we advocate for new strategies for how the community trains students, organizes analysis efforts, and allocates human expertise.

AI代理高能物理自动化分析生成式AI

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