融合驾驶员感知与物理风险,高效筛选自动驾驶安全关键场景。
Fusing Driver Perceived and Physical Risk for Safety Critical Scenario Screening in Autonomous Driving
- 用改进的驾驶风险场和动态成本模型生成高质量风险标签。
- 在FLUID数据集上AUC达0.792,优于基准方法9.1个百分点。
- 适合大规模自动驾驶场景筛查,无需逐帧计算,效率高。
自动驾驶测试日益依赖从大规模自然驾驶数据中挖掘安全关键场景,但现有筛选流程仍依赖人工风险标注和耗时的逐帧评估,导致效率低且风险量化不扎实。为此,本文提出一种基于驾驶员风险融合的危险场景筛选方法。训练阶段,结合改进的驾驶员风险场与动态成本模型生成高质量风险监督信号;推理阶段,通过快速前向传播直接预测场景级风险得分,避免逐帧计算,实现大规模场景排序与检索。改进的驾驶员风险场引入新的风险高度函数和速度自适应前瞻机制,动态成本模型融合动能、定向边界框约束及高斯核扩散平滑,提升交互建模精度。此外,设计风险轨迹交叉注意力解码器,联合解码风险与轨迹。在INTERACTION和FLUID数据集上的实验表明,该方法生成的风险估计更平滑、更具区分性。在FLUID数据集上,AUC达到0.792,AP为0.825,分别优于PODAR 9.1%和5.1%,验证了其在可扩展风险标注与危险场景筛选中的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous driving testing increasingly relies on mining safety critical scenarios from large scale naturalistic driving data, yet existing screening pipelines still depend on manual risk annotation and expensive frame by frame risk evaluation, resulting in low efficiency and weakly grounded risk quantification. To address this issue, we propose a driver risk fusion based hazardous scenario screening method for autonomous driving. During training, the method combines an improved Driver Risk Field with a dynamic cost model to generate high quality risk supervision signals, while during inference it directly predicts scenario level risk scores through fast forward passes, avoiding per frame risk computation and enabling efficient large scale ranking and retrieval. The improved Driver Risk Field introduces a new risk height function and a speed adaptive look ahead mechanism, and the dynamic cost model integrates kinetic energy, oriented bounding box constraints, and Gaussian kernel diffusion smoothing for more accurate interaction modeling. We further design a risk trajectory cross attention decoder to jointly decode risk and trajectories. Experiments on the INTERACTION and FLUID datasets show that the proposed method produces smoother and more discriminative risk estimates. On FLUID, it achieves an AUC of 0.792 and an AP of 0.825, outperforming PODAR by 9.1 percent and 5.1 percent, respectively, demonstrating its effectiveness for scalable risk labeling and hazardous scenario screening.
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