用行为引导生成高风险变道场景,提升自动驾驶测试效率。
Emergency Lane-Change Simulation: A Behavioral Guidance Approach for Risky Scenario Generation
- 基于优化的序列生成对抗网络学习真实紧急变道行为。
- 在有限数据下生成高风险碰撞场景,效率优于网格搜索和人工设计。
- 结合模型预测控制保证物理真实性,适合自动驾驶安全测试。
在现代自动驾驶测试中,虚拟仿真因其高效性和低成本成为重要手段。然而,现有方法多依赖强化学习生成高风险场景,难以有效学习真实应急行为。为此,本文提出一种行为引导的高风险变道场景生成方法。首先,基于优化的序列生成对抗网络(SeqGAN)从提取数据集中学习紧急变道行为,缓解现有数据集局限性,提升小样本下的学习效果。其次,将对向车辆建模为智能体,将道路环境及周边车辆纳入运行环境,基于递归近端策略优化(Recursive PPO)策略生成轨迹,引导车辆进入危险行为以实现更高效的高风险场景探索。最后,将参考轨迹与模型预测控制(MPC)结合,作为物理约束持续优化策略,确保行为的物理真实性。实验结果表明,该方法能在有限数据下有效学习高风险轨迹行为,生成高风险碰撞场景的效率显著优于传统方法如网格搜索和人工设计。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In contemporary autonomous driving testing, virtual simulation has become an important approach due to its efficiency and cost effectiveness. However, existing methods usually rely on reinforcement learning to generate risky scenarios, making it difficult to efficiently learn realistic emergency behaviors. To address this issue, we propose a behavior guided method for generating high risk lane change scenarios. First, a behavior learning module based on an optimized sequence generative adversarial network is developed to learn emergency lane change behaviors from an extracted dataset. This design alleviates the limitations of existing datasets and improves learning from relatively few samples. Then, the opposing vehicle is modeled as an agent, and the road environment together with surrounding vehicles is incorporated into the operating environment. Based on the Recursive Proximal Policy Optimization strategy, the generated trajectories are used to guide the vehicle toward dangerous behaviors for more effective risk scenario exploration. Finally, the reference trajectory is combined with model predictive control as physical constraints to continuously optimize the strategy and ensure physical authenticity. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively learn high risk trajectory behaviors from limited data and generate high risk collision scenarios with better efficiency than traditional methods such as grid search and manual design.
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