AI代理正取代人类成为软件主要使用者，需重构软件接口设计。
From Human Interfaces to Agent Interfaces: Rethinking Software Design in the Age of AI-Native Systems
- 以可调用能力为核心，构建机器可理解的AI接口
- 提出可组合性、可靠性等新设计原则应对自主调用需求
- 适合研究AI原生系统与智能体协作的工程师与架构师
传统软件系统以人机交互为中心，强调图形界面、易用性和认知对齐。然而，基于大语言模型的AI代理正改变软件的主要使用对象。越来越多的软件不仅由人类使用，还被AI代理通过结构化接口自主调用。本文认为，软件工程正经历从以人为中心的界面设计向以代理为中心的调用系统转变。我们形式化了代理接口的概念，提出可调用能力作为面向AI软件的基本构建块，并归纳了机器可解释性、可组合性与调用可靠性等设计原则。进一步讨论了这一转变带来的架构与组织影响，强调从单体应用向可动态组合的能力系统演进。论文旨在为新兴的AI原生软件设计范式提供概念基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Software systems have traditionally been designed for human interaction, emphasizing graphical user interfaces, usability, and cognitive alignment with end users. However, recent advances in large language model (LLM)-based agents are changing the primary consumers of software systems. Increasingly, software is no longer only used by humans, but also invoked autonomously by AI agents through structured interfaces. In this paper, we argue that software engineering is undergoing a paradigm shift from human-oriented interfaces to agent-oriented invocation systems. We formalize the notion of agent interfaces, introduce invocable capabilities as the fundamental building blocks of AI-oriented software, and outline design principles for such systems, including machine interpretability, composability, and invocation reliability. We then discuss architectural and organizational implications of this shift, highlighting a transition from monolithic applications to capability-based systems that can be dynamically composed by AI agents. The paper aims to provide a conceptual foundation for the emerging paradigm of AI-native software design.
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