arXiv:2603.21341cs.AI2026-03被引 2

用强化学习提升大模型的行动推理能力,让机器人更准执行指令。

RoboAlign: Learning Test-Time Reasoning for Language-Action Alignment in Vision-Language-Action Models

  • 先用自然语言零样本推理生成动作,再用强化学习优化动作准确率。
  • 在三个机器人基准上分别提升17.5%、18.9%和106.6%性能。
  • 仅用不到1%数据就能显著改进真实世界任务表现,适合部署型机器人研究者。

提升多模态大语言模型(MLLM)中的具身推理能力,是构建视觉-语言-动作模型(VLA)的关键,可将多模态理解直接转化为低层动作。尽管近期工作尝试通过视觉问答式监督增强MLLM的具身推理,但常导致VLA性能不稳定,收益微弱甚至为负。本文提出系统性训练框架RoboAlign,可靠提升VLA性能。核心思路是:先通过零样本自然语言推理采样动作令牌,再利用强化学习(RL)优化推理过程以提高动作准确性。该方法有效弥合了语言与底层动作之间的模态鸿沟,并促进知识从MLLM向VLA迁移。为验证效果,我们在基于扩散模型的动作头之上构建VLAs,以MLLM为骨干,在主流机器人基准上进行评估。结果表明,仅使用少于1%的数据进行RL对齐,RoboAlign在LIBERO、CALVIN及真实环境上的性能相比SFT基线分别提升17.5%、18.9%和106.6%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Improving embodied reasoning in multimodal-large-language models (MLLMs) is essential for building vision-language-action models (VLAs) on top of them to readily translate multimodal understanding into low-level actions. Accordingly, recent work has explored enhancing embodied reasoning in MLLMs through supervision of vision-question-answering type. However, these approaches have been reported to result in unstable VLA performance, often yielding only marginal or even negative gains. In this paper, we propose a more systematic MLLM training framework RoboAlign that reliably improves VLA performance. Our key idea is to sample action tokens via zero-shot natural language reasoning and refines this reasoning using reinforcement learning (RL) to improve action accuracy. As a result, RoboAlign bridges the modality gap between language and low-level actions in MLLMs, and facilitate knowledge transfer from MLLM to VLA. To validate the effectiveness of RoboAlign, we train VLAs by adding a diffusion-based action head on top of an MLLM backbone and evaluate them on major robotics benchmarks. Remarkably, by performing RL-based alignment after SFT using less than 1\% of the data, RoboAlign achieves performance improvements of 17.5\%, 18.9\%, and 106.6\% over SFT baselines on LIBERO, CALVIN, and real-world environments, respectively.

具身智能强化学习动作生成

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