arXiv:2603.21435cs.AIecon.GN2026-03

AI决策系统受厂商约束,能给出的建议范围被大幅压缩。

Behavioural feasible set: Value alignment constraints on AI decision support

  • 定义行为可行集,量化厂商配置下的推荐范围
  • 对齐使模型在情境压力下更难改变推荐,压缩可达建议空间
  • 商业模型更僵化,组织需警惕上游价值嵌入

当组织采用商用AI系统进行决策支持时,会继承厂商嵌入但不透明、不可协商的价值判断。治理难题不在于AI能否辅助决策,而在于其供应商配置下实际可生成的建议范围。本文提出“行为可行集”概念,即在厂商设定的对齐约束下可达到的推荐范围,并识别出组织需求超出系统灵活性的诊断阈值。在二元决策场景和多利益相关方排序任务中,实验表明对齐显著压缩了该集合。对比开放权重模型的对齐前后版本,发现对齐使系统在合理情境压力下也难以调整推荐。主流商业模型表现出类似甚至更强的刚性。在多利益相关方任务中,对齐并未消除隐含偏好,而是改变了其优先级排序,意味着组织采纳了厂商预先设定的价值取向。因此,组织面临的是提示工程无法解决的治理困境:选择厂商实质决定了哪些权衡可协商、哪些利益相关方优先级被结构性嵌入。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

When organisations adopt commercial AI systems for decision support, they inherit value judgements embedded by vendors that are neither transparent nor renegotiable. The governance puzzle is not whether AI can support decisions but which recommendations the system can actually produce given how its vendor has configured it. I formalise this as a behavioural feasible set, the range of recommendations reachable under vendor-imposed alignment constraints, and characterise diagnostic thresholds for when organisational requirements exceed the system's flexibility. In scenario-based experiments using binary decision scenarios and multi-stakeholder ranking tasks, I show that alignment materially compresses this set. Comparing pre- and post-alignment variants of an open-weight model isolates the mechanism: alignment makes the system substantially less able to shift its recommendation even under legitimate contextual pressure. Leading commercial models exhibit comparable or greater rigidity. In multi-stakeholder tasks, alignment shifts implied stakeholder priorities rather than neutralising them, meaning organisations adopt embedded value orientations set upstream by the vendor. Organisations thus face a governance problem that better prompting cannot resolve: selecting a vendor partially determines which trade-offs remain negotiable and which stakeholder priorities are structurally embedded.

AI对齐决策支持价值嵌入治理

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