arXiv:2603.21475cs.AI2026-03被引 2

让AI系统自动生成专业领域节点,解决复杂任务中的知识瓶颈问题。

Unified-MAS: Universally Generating Domain-Specific Nodes for Empowering Automatic Multi-Agent Systems

  • 通过搜索外部知识生成领域专用节点蓝图,突破大模型内部知识限制。
  • 用困惑度引导的奖励机制优化节点逻辑,最高提升14.2%性能且降低成本。
  • 适用于医疗、法律等专业领域,也适合作为多智能体系统研究者的工具。

自动多智能体系统(MAS)在解决复杂推理任务方面展现出巨大潜力,但在知识密集型领域(如医疗、法律)仍存在根本性瓶颈。现有方法或依赖静态通用节点库(如思维链),缺乏专业深度;或尝试实时生成节点,但协调器需同时处理领域逻辑与顶层架构优化,导致严重架构耦合,降低系统效能。为此,我们提出Unified-MAS,通过离线节点合成实现细粒度节点实现与顶层编排的解耦。该方法分为两阶段:(1) 基于搜索的节点生成,利用外部开放世界知识构建专业化节点蓝图,克服大模型内部知识局限;(2) 基于奖励的节点优化,采用困惑度引导的奖励机制,迭代改进关键节点的内部逻辑。在四个专业化领域上的大量实验表明,将Unified-MAS集成至四个自动多智能体基线中,均实现更优的性能-成本权衡,最高性能提升达14.2%,同时显著降低成本。进一步分析显示其对不同设计者大模型具有鲁棒性,并在数学推理等常规任务上同样有效。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Automatic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) generation has emerged as a promising paradigm for solving complex reasoning tasks. However, existing frameworks are fundamentally bottlenecked when applied to knowledge-intensive domains (e.g., healthcare and law). They either rely on a static library of general nodes like Chain-of-Thought, which lack specialized expertise, or attempt to generate nodes on the fly. In the latter case, the orchestrator is not only bound by its internal knowledge limits but must also simultaneously generate domain-specific logic and optimize high-level topology, leading to a severe architectural coupling that degrades overall system efficacy. To bridge this gap, we propose Unified-MAS that decouples granular node implementation from topological orchestration via offline node synthesis. Unified-MAS operates in two stages: (1) Search-Based Node Generation retrieves external open-world knowledge to synthesize specialized node blueprints, overcoming the internal knowledge limits of LLMs; and (2) Reward-Based Node Optimization utilizes a perplexity-guided reward to iteratively enhance the internal logic of bottleneck nodes. Extensive experiments across four specialized domains demonstrate that integrating Unified-MAS into four Automatic-MAS baselines yields a better performance-cost trade-off, achieving up to a 14.2% gain while significantly reducing costs. Further analysis reveals its robustness across different designer LLMs and its effectiveness on conventional tasks such as mathematical reasoning.

多智能体知识增强自动化系统

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