arXiv:2603.21484cs.CV2026-03中稿 · CVPR

让大模型精准拒绝特定图文对,避免误拒。

Which Concepts to Forget and How to Refuse? Decomposing Concepts for Continual Unlearning in Large Vision-Language Models

  • 分解视觉语言概念,精准定位需遗忘的组合。
  • 通过专家路由机制,实现多轮遗忘中拒绝响应的准确生成。
  • 适合需要持续删除敏感内容的视觉语言模型应用。

持续遗忘要求大视觉语言模型在接收到连续删除请求时,能够选择性拒绝特定图像-指令对,同时保持通用能力。然而,连续更新会扭曲共享表示,导致视觉语言对与拒绝行为之间产生虚假关联,从而引发误拒绝。为此,我们提出一种新框架,将拒绝行为建立在从删除目标中分解出的细粒度视觉与文本概念基础上。首先,通过概念调制器识别每类遗忘对应的视觉-语言概念组合;然后,利用一组专门生成概念对齐拒绝响应的专家(称作'拒绝者')决定如何生成恰当的拒绝回复。为在多轮任务中生成概念特定的拒绝响应,我们引入一种多模态、概念驱动的路由机制:复用共享相似概念的任务中的拒绝者,并对使用率低的拒绝者进行适配以应对新概念。在多个视觉语言基准上的实验表明,该框架优于现有方法,能生成基于概念的拒绝响应并保持整个遗忘序列中的通用性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Continual unlearning poses the challenge of enabling large vision-language models to selectively refuse specific image-instruction pairs in response to sequential deletion requests, while preserving general utility. However, sequential unlearning updates distort shared representations, creating spurious associations between vision-language pairs and refusal behaviors that hinder precise identification of refusal targets, resulting in inappropriate refusals. To address this challenge, we propose a novel continual unlearning framework that grounds refusal behavior in fine-grained descriptions of visual and textual concepts decomposed from deletion targets. We first identify which visual-linguistic concept combinations characterize each forget category through a concept modulator, then determine how to generate appropriate refusal responses via a mixture of refusal experts, termed refusers, each specialized for concept-aligned refusal generation. To generate concept-specific refusal responses across sequential tasks, we introduce a multimodal, concept-driven routing scheme that reuses refusers for tasks sharing similar concepts and adapts underutilized ones for novel concepts. Extensive experiments on vision-language benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms existing methods by generating concept-grounded refusal responses and preserving the general utility across unlearning sequences.

持续遗忘视觉语言模型概念分解拒绝生成

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