arXiv:2603.21601cs.LGcs.AI2026-03KDD被引 1

用黎曼几何构建下一代图智能模型,突破传统图神经网络局限。

Riemannian Geometry Speaks Louder Than Words: From Graph Foundation Model to Next-Generation Graph Intelligence

  • 以黎曼几何建模图结构内在特性,实现对复杂关系的数学化表达
  • 提出黎曼基础模型(RFM),支持跨领域通用图建模与生成
  • 适合图学习、知识图谱、生物网络等需结构理解的领域研究者

图能自然描述对象间的复杂关系,在通信、交通、社交计算、生命科学等领域具有核心作用。当前普遍认为图基础模型(GFMs)对推进图学习至关重要,但如何构建类大语言模型(LLMs)的通用强大图基础模型仍存在较大争议。图神经网络(GNNs)在多领域预训练与适应中面临记忆保持不足和可解释性不强的问题。图序列化难题限制了直接应用LLMs,因词向量难以捕捉图的结构性与多样性。相比之下,黎曼几何提供优雅的数学框架来建模结构,且与图语义学习兼容,甚至可与LLMs结合。本文主张:对图而言,黎曼几何胜于文字,提出构建图基础模型的奠基原则。重新构想后,我们提出蓝海构想——黎曼基础模型(RFM),开辟捕捉复杂结构模式与发现跨领域共性的新路径。RFM强调图的内在几何,具备原生的结构推理与生成能力,超越简单的表示空间转换。据此,我们规划渐进式路线:首先通过内在几何实现通用结构理解,再以黎曼引擎重构LLM,实现通用图建模及更广泛应用。因此,RFM推动范式转变——从设计图模型转向使用RFM代理解决图结构应用问题,释放下一代图智能潜能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Graphs provide a natural description of the complex relationships among objects, and play a pivotal role in communications, transportation, social computing, the life sciences, etc. Currently, there is strong agreement that Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) are essential for advancing graph learning, yet considerable disagreement persists on how to build a powerful, general-purpose GFM analogous to Large Language Models (LLMs). Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) exhibit limitations in memory retention and principled interpretability when confronted with multi-domain pretraining and adaptation. The challenge of graph serialization hinders the direct application of LLMs, as the words struggle to capture the structural complexity and diversity inherent in graphs. In contrast, Riemannian geometry offers an elegant mathematical framework for modeling structures, while remaining compatible with graph semantic learning, even with LLMs. In this paper, we argue that, for graphs, Riemannian geometry speaks louder than words, and lay out the foundational principles for GFM. Reimagining with Riemannian geometry, we introduce a blue sky idea-Riemannian Foundation Model (RFM)-that opens a new pathway for capturing complex structural patterns and uncovering cross-domain generalities. RFM emphasizes intrinsic graph geometry and embodies endogenous capacities for structural inference and generation, moving beyond mere representation-space switching. Accordingly, we outline a progressive agenda that begins with universal structural understanding through intrinsic geometry, and then rebuilds LLM with a Riemannian engine for general-purpose graph modeling and beyond. Thus, RFM enables a paradigm shift from designing graph models to solving graph-structured applications with RFM agents, unlocking the next-generation graph intelligence.

图神经网络黎曼几何基础模型结构建模

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