提出新算法,高效求解有障碍物的移动目标路径规划问题。
Optimal Solutions for the Moving Target Vehicle Routing Problem with Obstacles via Lazy Branch and Price
- 用松弛连续性加速运动规划,延迟计算路径成本。
- 在真实场景中比基线方法快10倍以上。
- 适合需要精准路径规划的无人机、自动驾驶等场景。
移动目标车辆路径规划问题带障碍物(MT-VRP-O)旨在为多个智能体设计轨迹,使其协同拦截一组移动目标。每个目标有若干必须访问的时间窗口,智能体需避开静态障碍物,并满足速度与容量约束。本文提出懒惰分支定价与松弛连续性(Lazy BPRC)算法,可求解该问题的最优解。该算法采用分支定价框架,交替求解受限主问题(RMP)和定价问题。RMP从有限路径集合中选择每名智能体应遵循的路径序列(称为巡游),而定价问题则向该集合添加新路径。传统方法需对每条路径计算完整成本,但在此问题中,由于需进行无碰撞的动态目标运动规划,计算代价极高。Lazy BPRC通过使用松弛连续性约束下的运动规划下界来求解RMP,从而延迟真实成本的计算。实际成本通过在凸集图(GCS)上搜索最短路径得到,并利用连续性松弛方法加速搜索。实验表明,相比两种消融版本,Lazy BPRC运行速度提升达一个数量级。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The Moving Target Vehicle Routing Problem with Obstacles (MT-VRP-O) seeks trajectories for several agents that collectively intercept a set of moving targets. Each target has one or more time windows where it must be visited, and the agents must avoid static obstacles and satisfy speed and capacity constraints. We introduce Lazy Branch-and-Price with Relaxed Continuity (Lazy BPRC), which finds optimal solutions for the MT-VRP-O. Lazy BPRC applies the branch-and-price framework for VRPs, which alternates between a restricted master problem (RMP) and a pricing problem. The RMP aims to select a sequence of target-time window pairings (called a tour) for each agent to follow, from a limited subset of tours. The pricing problem adds tours to the limited subset. Conventionally, solving the RMP requires computing the cost for an agent to follow each tour in the limited subset. Computing these costs in the MT-VRP-O is computationally intensive, since it requires collision-free motion planning between moving targets. Lazy BPRC defers cost computations by solving the RMP using lower bounds on the costs of each tour, computed via motion planning with relaxed continuity constraints. We lazily evaluate the true costs of tours as-needed. We compute a tour's cost by searching for a shortest path on a Graph of Convex Sets (GCS), and we accelerate this search using our continuity relaxation method. We demonstrate that Lazy BPRC runs up to an order of magnitude faster than two ablations.
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