不依赖地图匹配,用视觉同时定位和判断方向,让无人机在无GPS时更准更省资源。
Beyond Matching to Tiles: Bridging Unaligned Aerial and Satellite Views for Vision-Only UAV Navigation
- 通过局部与全局特征联合预测位置与航向,避免传统匹配的存储与精度矛盾。
- 在多种地形上定位误差低于以往方法,且对视角差异和稀疏特征有强鲁棒性。
- 适用于真实复杂环境下的无人机自主导航,尤其适合资源受限场景。
近年来跨视图地理定位(CVGL)方法在无卫星信号环境下支持无人机导航方面展现出巨大潜力。然而,现有工作主要聚焦于将无人机视角与机载地图瓦片进行匹配,这带来了精度与存储开销之间的固有权衡,并忽略了导航中航向的重要性。此外,跨视图场景中存在显著差异和变化重叠,尚未得到充分考虑,限制了其在真实场景中的泛化能力。本文提出Bearing-UAV,一种纯视觉驱动的跨视图导航方法,可从邻近特征中联合预测无人机绝对位置与航向,实现野外环境中准确、轻量且鲁棒的导航。该方法融合全局与局部结构特征,并显式编码相对空间关系,使其对跨视图变化、非对齐及特征稀疏情况具有鲁棒性。我们还构建了Bearing-UAV-90k,一个涵盖多城市的基准数据集,用于评估跨视图定位与导航性能。大量实验表明,Bearing-UAV在多样化地形下定位误差低于以往匹配/检索范式。代码与数据集将公开发布。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent advances in cross-view geo-localization (CVGL) methods have shown strong potential for supporting unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation in GNSS-denied environments. However, existing work predominantly focuses on matching UAV views to onboard map tiles, which introduces an inherent trade-off between accuracy and storage overhead, and overlooks the importance of the UAV's heading during navigation. Moreover, the substantial discrepancies and varying overlaps in cross-view scenarios have been insufficiently considered, limiting their generalization to real-world scenarios. In this paper, we present Bearing-UAV, a purely vision-driven cross-view navigation method that jointly predicts UAV absolute location and heading from neighboring features, enabling accurate, lightweight, and robust navigation in the wild. Our method leverages global and local structural features and explicitly encodes relative spatial relationships, making it robust to cross-view variations, misalignment, and feature-sparse conditions. We also present Bearing-UAV-90k, a multi-city benchmark for evaluating cross-view localization and navigation. Extensive experiments show encouraging results that Bearing-UAV yields lower localization error than previous matching/retrieval paradigm across diverse terrains. Our code and dataset will be made publicly available.
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