arXiv:2603.22206cs.LG2026-03被引 2

Chimera优化异构大模型多智能体任务调度,显著降低延迟并提升性能。

Chimera: Latency- and Performance-Aware Multi-agent Serving for Heterogeneous LLMs

  • 基于语义路由与预测负载,动态分配不同大小模型以平衡延迟与效果。
  • 在代码生成和数学推理任务中,端到端延迟降低1.2至2.4倍,性能提升8.0-9.5个百分点。
  • 适合需要高效调度异构大模型的多阶段智能体应用开发者。

多智能体应用常以多阶段工作流形式执行复杂任务,每阶段为一次大模型调用,输出作为后续步骤的上下文。现有大模型服务系统多假设集群同质化,仅使用相同模型副本,忽略了异构部署的潜力——不同规模与能力的模型可实现延迟与性能间的更精细权衡。然而,异构性带来跨模型调度难题,因各模型吞吐与性能差异显著。本文提出Chimera,一种面向异构大模型集群的多智能体工作流服务预测调度系统,联合优化端到端延迟与任务性能。Chimera采用语义路由估计每请求在各模型上的置信度,预测工作流剩余输出长度,并通过飞行中预测的令牌量估算各模型负载以实现负载均衡。我们在代码生成与数学推理等典型智能体工作流上,对多种异构大模型配置进行评估。相比竞争基线(包括vLLM),Chimera在可比设置下始终位于最佳延迟-性能前沿,端到端延迟降低1.2–2.4×,任务性能平均提升8.0–9.5个百分点。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-agent applications often execute complex tasks as multi-stage workflows, where each stage is an LLM call whose output becomes part of context for subsequent steps. Existing LLM serving systems largely assume homogeneous clusters with identical model replicas. This design overlooks the potential of heterogeneous deployments, where models of different sizes and capabilities enable finer trade-offs between latency and performance. However, heterogeneity introduces new challenges in scheduling across models with diverse throughput and performance. We present Chimera, a predictive scheduling system for multi-agent workflow serving on heterogeneous LLM clusters that jointly improves end-to-end latency and task performance. Chimera applies semantic routing to estimate per-model confidence scores for each request, predicts the total remaining output length of the workflow, and estimates per-model congestion using in-flight predicted token volumes for load balancing. We evaluate Chimera on representative agentic workflows for code generation and math reasoning using multiple heterogeneous LLM configurations. Across comparable settings, Chimera traces the best latency-performance frontier, reducing end-to-end latency by 1.2--2.4$\times$ and improving task performance by 8.0-9.5 percentage points on average over competitive baselines including vLLM.

大模型调度异构部署多智能体延迟优化

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