arXiv:2603.22309cs.LGcs.AI2026-03

用流匹配统一学习多维度偏微分方程解算器,支持并行生成。

UniFluids: Unified Neural Operator Learning with Conditional Flow-matching

  • 基于流匹配构建统一框架,实现跨维度、多物理变量的PDE求解
  • 在1D/2D/3D多数据集上达到高精度,预测误差显著低于基线
  • 适合需要高效通用模拟的科学计算与工程建模场景

偏微分方程(PDE)模拟在科学研究中具有重要意义。当前,深度神经网络用于学习PDE解算器已展现出巨大潜力。本文提出UniFluids,一种基于条件流匹配的统一神经算子学习框架,利用扩散Transformer的可扩展性,统一处理不同维度和物理变量的PDE解算任务。与自回归型PDE基础模型不同,UniFluids采用流匹配实现并行序列生成,是首个面向统一算子学习的此类方法。通过引入统一的四维时空表示,实现了异构PDE数据集的联合训练与条件编码。我们发现PDE数据集的有效维度远低于其补丁维度,因此在流匹配学习中采用x-prediction策略,经验证可显著提升预测精度。我们在多个涵盖1D、2D和3D空间维度的PDE数据集上进行了大规模评估,实验结果表明,UniFluids具备强预测精度、良好可扩展性及跨场景泛化能力。代码将后续发布。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Partial differential equation (PDE) simulation holds extensive significance in scientific research. Currently, the integration of deep neural networks to learn solution operators of PDEs has introduced great potential. In this paper, we present UniFluids, a conditional flow-matching framework that harnesses the scalability of diffusion Transformer to unify learning of solution operators across diverse PDEs with varying dimensionality and physical variables. Unlike the autoregressive PDE foundation models, UniFluids adopts flow-matching to achieve parallel sequence generation, making it the first such approach for unified operator learning. Specifically, the introduction of a unified four-dimensional spatiotemporal representation for the heterogeneous PDE datasets enables joint training and conditional encoding. Furthermore, we find the effective dimension of the PDE dataset is much lower than its patch dimension. We thus employ $x$-prediction in the flow-matching operator learning, which is verified to significantly improve prediction accuracy. We conduct a large-scale evaluation of UniFluids on several PDE datasets covering spatial dimensions 1D, 2D and 3D. Experimental results show that UniFluids achieves strong prediction accuracy and demonstrates good scalability and cross-scenario generalization capability. The code will be released later.

PDE求解流匹配神经算子科学计算

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