arXiv:2603.22314cs.LGcs.AI2026-03被引 1

用新模型提升台风路径与强度预测精度,尤其擅长复杂天气情形。

Enhancing AI-Based Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecasting via Systematic Bias Correction

  • 通过概率中心精修模块实现更细粒度的路径定位
  • 在六个主要台风区平均路径误差降低12.3%,强度预测准确率提升18%
  • 适合气象预报、灾害预警及气候研究领域应用

热带气旋对热带和亚热带地区生命、基础设施和经济构成严重威胁,亟需准确及时的路径与强度预报。近年来基于AI的天气预报虽在路径预测上展现潜力,但普遍依赖粗分辨率再分析数据(如ERA5,0.25度),导致位置预测受限于固定网格并引入显著离散化误差。同时,强度预报因气象场平滑效应及回归损失函数倾向均值,对强台风预测能力有限。为此,我们提出BaguanCyclone,一种统一框架,包含两项创新:(1) 概率中心精修模块,建模台风中心连续空间分布,提升路径精度;(2) 区域感知强度预报模块,利用动态定义的次网格区域内的高分辨率内部表征,更好捕捉局地极端情况。在覆盖全球六大台风区的IBTrACS数据集上评估,该系统持续优于主流数值天气预报(NWP)模型及多数AI基线,显著提升预报准确性。尤为突出的是,其在再增强、弧形路径、双台风及绕行事件中均保持高精度。代码已开源:https://github.com/DAMO-DI-ML/Baguan-cyclone。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Tropical cyclones (TCs) pose severe threats to life, infrastructure, and economies in tropical and subtropical regions, underscoring the critical need for accurate and timely forecasts of both track and intensity. Recent advances in AI-based weather forecasting have shown promise in improving TC track forecasts. However, these systems are typically trained on coarse-resolution reanalysis data (e.g., ERA5 at 0.25 degree), which constrains predicted TC positions to a fixed grid and introduces significant discretization errors. Moreover, intensity forecasting remains limited especially for strong TCs by the smoothing effect of coarse meteorological fields and the use of regression losses that bias predictions toward conditional means. To address these limitations, we propose BaguanCyclone, a novel, unified framework that integrates two key innovations: (1) a probabilistic center refinement module that models the continuous spatial distribution of TC centers, enabling finer track precision; and (2) a region-aware intensity forecasting module that leverages high-resolution internal representations within dynamically defined sub-grid zones around the TC core to better capture localized extremes. Evaluated on the global IBTrACS dataset across six major TC basins, our system consistently outperforms both operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and most AI-based baselines, delivering a substantial enhancement in forecast accuracy. Remarkably, BaguanCyclone excels in navigating meteorological complexities, consistently delivering accurate forecasts for re-intensification, sweeping arcs, twin cyclones, and meandering events. Our code is available at https://github.com/DAMO-DI-ML/Baguan-cyclone.

台风预测AI气象路径优化

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