提升多模态3D检测在不同环境下的泛化能力,让视觉和激光雷达优势互补。
CCF: Complementary Collaborative Fusion for Domain Generalized Multi-Modal 3D Object Detection
- 分量监督损失让图像和激光雷达各自独立优化,避免信息失衡。
- 用深度先验增强图像特征初始化,雨夜等恶劣条件下表现更稳。
- 双向掩码机制促使双模态动态竞争,适应不同场景需求。
多模态融合已成为高精度3D目标检测的主流方法,但在与训练域不同的目标域上性能显著下降。针对双分支提案级检测器,本文识别出两大限制跨域泛化的核心因素:1)雨天或夜间等复杂环境下,某一模态(如图像)可能严重退化;2)激光雷达分支通常主导检测过程,导致视觉信息被系统性低估,当点云受损时易失效。为此,提出三项创新:1)查询解耦损失对仅2D、仅3D及融合查询提供独立监督,重平衡跨模态梯度流;2)激光雷达引导深度先验通过概率融合图像预测与激光雷达获取的深度分布,为2D查询注入实例感知的几何先验,改善空间初始化;3)互补跨模态掩码对图像与点云施加互补空间掩码,促使双模态在融合解码器中相互竞争,实现自适应融合。大量实验表明,在多个测试域上均显著优于现有基线,且保持源域性能。代码与模型已开源于https://github.com/IMPL-Lab/CCF。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-modal fusion has emerged as a promising paradigm for accurate 3D object detection. However, performance degrades substantially when deployed in target domains different from training. In this work, focusing on dual-branch proposal-level detectors, we identify two factors that limit robust cross-domain generalization: 1) in challenging domains such as rain or nighttime, one modality may undergo severe degradation; 2) the LiDAR branch often dominates the detection process, leading to systematic underutilization of visual cues and vulnerability when point clouds are compromised. To address these challenges, we propose three components. First, Query-Decoupled Loss provides independent supervision for 2D-only, 3D-only, and fused queries, rebalancing gradient flow across modalities. Second, LiDAR-Guided Depth Prior augments 2D queries with instance-aware geometric priors through probabilistic fusion of image-predicted and LiDAR-derived depth distributions, improving their spatial initialization. Third, Complementary Cross-Modal Masking applies complementary spatial masks to the image and point cloud, encouraging queries from both modalities to compete within the fused decoder and thereby promoting adaptive fusion. Extensive experiments demonstrate substantial gains over state-of-the-art baselines while preserving source-domain performance. Code and models are publicly available at https://github.com/IMPL-Lab/CCF.
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