arXiv:2603.23575cs.LGcs.AI2026-03

针对边缘设备提出自适应混合精度量化,动态分配每层最优精度以平衡性能与资源消耗。

APreQEL: Adaptive Mixed Precision Quantization For Edge LLMs

  • 按层分析重要性并匹配最优量化方式,打破统一精度限制
  • 支持用户自定义优先级,在内存、延迟、准确率间灵活权衡
  • 适用于资源受限场景的LLM部署,突破传统量化方案瓶颈

大型语言模型在推理、代码生成和复杂问题求解等任务中表现优异,但其高计算成本与内存需求使其难以在边缘设备上实时部署,且影响数据隐私。量化是降低内存占用的常用方法,但现有方法对所有层采用统一精度,未考虑各层对精度敏感度差异。值得注意的是,内存消耗与计算吞吐量并不总一致,进一步增加了部署难度。本文提出一种自适应混合精度量化机制,通过分析各层贡献度,并结合目标硬件平台对不同量化类型的行为推断,为每层分配最合适的量化方式,实现内存、延迟与准确率的协同优化。该设计可满足用户定义的优先级,解锁非均匀量化无法实现的新配置空间,显著提升资源受限设备上的大模型部署效率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Today, large language models have demonstrated their strengths in various tasks ranging from reasoning, code generation, and complex problem solving. However, this advancement comes with a high computational cost and memory requirements, making it challenging to deploy these models on edge devices to ensure real-time responses and data privacy. Quantization is one common approach to reducing memory use, but most methods apply it uniformly across all layers. This does not account for the fact that different layers may respond differently to reduced precision. Importantly, memory consumption and computational throughput are not necessarily aligned, further complicating deployment decisions. This paper proposes an adaptive mixed precision quantization mechanism that balances memory, latency, and accuracy in edge deployment under user-defined priorities. This is achieved by analyzing the layer-wise contribution and by inferring how different quantization types behave across the target hardware platform in order to assign the most suitable quantization type to each layer. This integration ensures that layer importance and the overall performance trade-offs are jointly respected in this design. Our work unlocks new configuration designs that uniform quantization cannot achieve, expanding the solution space to efficiently deploy the LLMs on resource-constrained devices.

边缘计算量化LLM部署混合精度

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