少有的亲子对话仍具集中爆发特征，可能更促发婴儿发声。
Infrequent Child-Directed Speech Is Bursty and May Draw Infant Vocalizations
- 分析农村玻利维亚与美国城市录音，发现亲子语言多呈集中爆发式出现。
- 婴儿在亲子对话期间发声概率接近静默时的两倍，尤其在密集对话期。
- 年长儿童提供的对话也显著激发婴儿发声，尤其在成人说话稀少的社区。
全球许多地区婴幼儿接触的亲子语言相对稀少，但仍能达成重要语言发展里程碑。本研究利用在玻利维亚农村和美国城市采集的长期、以婴儿为中心的音频记录，分析了婴幼儿语言输入的时空模式及其前语言发声行为。结果表明，尽管玻利维亚的亲子语言频率较低，但其时间分布与美国一致，呈现高度集中爆发特征，而非全天均匀分布。在两个社区中，婴儿在亲子语言时段最可能发出类语言发声，其发声概率在目标亲子语言期间几乎为静默期的两倍。在玻利维亚，婴儿在年长儿童发起的亲子语言段落中，发声概率也显著高于成人主导的段落。这些发现提示，亲子语言的发展影响不仅取决于数量，更与时间集中度及发声来源有关，年长儿童在某些社区（如成人对婴说话较少者）可能是关键的语言输入源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Children in many parts of the world hear relatively little speech directed to them, yet still reach major language development milestones. What differs about the speech input that infants learn from when directed input is rare? Using longform, infant-centered audio recordings taken in rural Bolivia and the urban U.S., we examined temporal patterns of infants' speech input and their pre-linguistic vocal behavior. We find that child-directed speech in Bolivia, though less frequent, was just as temporally clustered as speech input in the U.S, arriving in concentrated bursts rather than spread across the day. In both communities, infants were most likely to produce speech-like vocalizations during periods of speech directed to them, with the probability of infants' speech-like vocalizations during target child-directed speech nearly double that during silence. In Bolivia, infants' speech-like vocalizations were also more likely to occur during bouts of directed speech from older children than from adults. Together, these findings suggest that the developmental impact of child-directed speech may depend not only on quantity, but on temporal concentration and source, with older children serving as an important source of input in some communities, including where adult speech to infants is less frequent.
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