arXiv:2603.23899astro-ph.IMcs.AI2026-03

用多库数据训练模型,能快速生成连续的恒星光谱。

SM-Net: Learning a Continuous Spectral Manifold from Multiple Stellar Libraries

  • 融合多个恒星光谱库,构建跨参数空间的连续光谱流形。
  • 在3538个训练样本上误差仅1.47e-5,推理速度超每秒1.4万张光谱。
  • 适合天体物理研究者快速生成或补全恒星光谱。

我们提出SM-Net,一种基于机器学习的模型,可从多个高分辨率恒星光谱库中学习连续的光谱流形。该模型直接根据有效温度(Teff)、表面重力(log g)和金属丰度(log Z)生成恒星光谱。模型训练基于PHOENIX-Husser、C3K-Conroy、OB-PoWR和TMAP-Werner四个库的联合网格,覆盖的参数范围更广且连续:Teff = 2,000–190,000 K,log g = -1 到 9,log Z = -4 到 1,光谱波长范围为3,000–100,000 Å。在此范围内,模型实现跨不同库边界平滑插值;在采样区域外,可进行数值平滑的探索性预测,但未经过参考模型验证。缺失或掩码的通量值被视为未知而非物理零值,网络通过邻近点相关性推断缺失部分。在3,538个训练样本和11,530个测试样本上,模型在变换后的log1p通量表示下,训练集均方误差为1.47×10⁻⁵,测试集为2.34×10⁻⁵。单块GPU推理速度超过每秒14,000张光谱。我们同时发布了模型及交互式网页工具,支持实时光谱生成与可视化。SM-Net为传统恒星群体合成库提供了一种快速、鲁棒且灵活的数据驱动补充。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We present SM-Net, a machine-learning model that learns a continuous spectral manifold from multiple high-resolution stellar libraries. SM-Net generates stellar spectra directly from the fundamental stellar parameters effective temperature (Teff), surface gravity (log g), and metallicity (log Z). It is trained on a combined grid derived from the PHOENIX-Husser, C3K-Conroy, OB-PoWR, and TMAP-Werner libraries. By combining their parameter spaces, we construct a composite dataset that spans a broader and more continuous region of stellar parameter space than any individual library. The unified grid covers Teff = 2,000-190,000 K, log g = -1 to 9, and log Z = -4 to 1, with spectra spanning 3,000-100,000 Angstrom. Within this domain, SM-Net provides smooth interpolation across heterogeneous library boundaries. Outside the sampled region, it can produce numerically smooth exploratory predictions, although these extrapolations are not directly validated against reference models. Zero or masked flux values are treated as unknowns rather than physical zeros, allowing the network to infer missing regions using correlations learned from neighbouring grid points. Across 3,538 training and 11,530 test spectra, SM-Net achieves mean squared errors of 1.47 x 10^-5 on the training set and 2.34 x 10^-5 on the test set in the transformed log1p-scaled flux representation. Inference throughput exceeds 14,000 spectra per second on a single GPU. We also release the model together with an interactive web dashboard for real-time spectral generation and visualisation. SM-Net provides a fast, robust, and flexible data-driven complement to traditional stellar population synthesis libraries.

恒星光谱机器学习数据生成天体物理

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