提出线性非线性融合神经算子,高效求解偏微分方程。
Linear-Nonlinear Fusion Neural Operator for Partial Differential Equations
- 将算子映射分解为线性与非线性部分,通过乘法融合建模
- 在多类偏微分方程上训练速度更快,精度相当或更优
- 结构轻量可解释,适用于规则与不规则网格
神经算子学习直接构建方程参数空间到解空间的映射关系,无需重复求解偏微分方程(PDEs),在实际应用中实现高效推理,这是传统数值方法难以企及的优势。本文发现,在算子映射中显式分离线性与非线性效应,能提升学习效率。为此提出一种新型网络结构——线性-非线性融合神经算子(LNF-NO),通过线性分量与非线性分量的乘法融合来建模算子映射,实现轻量化且可解释的表示。该分解机制可在算子层面高效捕捉复杂解特征,同时保持稳定性与泛化性。LNF-NO天然支持多输入函数,适用于规则网格与不规则几何。在涵盖非线性泊松-玻尔兹曼方程和多物理场耦合系统的多样化基准测试中,其训练速度普遍显著快于多个代表性神经算子基线模型,多数情况下精度相当或更优。在3D泊松-玻尔兹曼案例中,相比三维傅里叶神经算子与Transolver基线,LNF-NO在保持强精度的同时显著减少训练时间。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neural operator learning directly constructs the mapping relationship from the equation parameter space to the solution space, enabling efficient direct inference in practical applications without the need for repeated solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) -- an advantage that is difficult to achieve with traditional numerical methods. In this work, we find that explicitly decoupling linear and nonlinear effects within such operator mappings leads to improved learning efficiency. This yields a novel network structure, namely the Linear-Nonlinear Fusion Neural Operator (LNF-NO), which models operator mappings via the multiplicative fusion of a linear component and a nonlinear component, thus achieving a lightweight and interpretable representation. This linear-nonlinear decoupling enables efficient capture of complex solution features at the operator level while maintaining stability and generality. LNF-NO naturally supports multiple functional inputs and is applicable to both regular grids and irregular geometries. Across a diverse suite of PDE operator-learning benchmarks, including nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equations and multi-physics coupled systems, LNF-NO is typically substantially faster to train than several representative neural operator baselines, while achieving comparable or improved accuracy across most tested cases. On the tested 3D Poisson-Boltzmann case, LNF-NO achieves strong accuracy while requiring substantially less training time than the three-dimensional Fourier Neural Operator and Transolver baselines.
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