arXiv:2603.24155cs.RO2026-03

让自动驾驶预测模型在闭环中实时反应,显著降低碰撞率。

Goal-Oriented Reactive Simulation for Closed-Loop Trajectory Prediction

  • 用目标导向的Transformer构建可响应的仿真环境,实现闭环训练。
  • 在nuScenes上碰撞率降低27.0%,密集路口减少79.5%。
  • 适合高频率重规划的自动驾驶系统,提升交互安全性。

当前轨迹预测模型多采用开环训练,导致部署于真实闭环场景时出现协变量偏移和误差累积。依赖静态数据集或非响应式回放模拟器切断了交互循环,使自车无法学习主动协商交通行为。本文提出一种面向高频、滚动视野的闭环训练范式。通过引入基于Transformer的目标导向场景解码器,构建具有内在响应性的训练仿真环境。模型同时接触开环数据与自我生成的模拟状态,学会纠正自身执行错误。大量评估表明,闭环训练显著提升高重规划频率下的避障能力:在nuScenes上碰撞率相对降低27.0%,在密集的DeepScenario交叉口降低79.5%。此外,结合响应式与非响应式周围代理的混合仿真,在即时交互性与长期行为稳定性间取得最佳平衡。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Current trajectory prediction models are primarily trained in an open-loop manner, which often leads to covariate shift and compounding errors when deployed in real-world, closed-loop settings. Furthermore, relying on static datasets or non-reactive log-replay simulators severs the interactive loop, preventing the ego agent from learning to actively negotiate surrounding traffic. In this work, we propose an on-policy closed-loop training paradigm optimized for high-frequency, receding horizon ego prediction. To ground the ego prediction in a realistic representation of traffic interactions and to achieve reactive consistency, we introduce a goal-oriented, transformer-based scene decoder, resulting in an inherently reactive training simulation. By exposing the ego agent to a mixture of open-loop data and simulated, self-induced states, the model learns recovery behaviors to correct its own execution errors. Extensive evaluation demonstrates that closed-loop training significantly enhances collision avoidance capabilities at high replanning frequencies, yielding relative collision rate reductions of up to 27.0% on nuScenes and 79.5% in dense DeepScenario intersections compared to open-loop baselines. Additionally, we show that a hybrid simulation combining reactive with non-reactive surrounding agents achieves optimal balance between immediate interactivity and long-term behavioral stability.

轨迹预测闭环仿真自动驾驶Transformer

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