arXiv:2603.24298quant-phcs.CL2026-03被引 1

用生成模型找量子自旋系统的基态,不依赖特定结构。

SpinGQE: A Generative Quantum Eigensolver for Spin Hamiltonians

  • 将电路设计转为生成建模,用Transformer学低能态电路分布。
  • 四比特海森堡模型中逼近基态能量,收敛稳定且无需对称性假设。
  • 适合通用量子系统,尤其适合缺乏先验结构的复杂问题。

基态搜索是量子计算的核心问题,广泛应用于量子化学、凝聚态物理和优化领域。变分量子本征求解器(VQE)在小系统中表现良好,但面临平坦区、参数族表达能力有限及对领域特定结构的依赖等挑战。本文提出SpinGQE,将生成量子本征求解器(GQE)框架扩展至自旋哈密顿量。方法将电路设计重构为生成建模任务,采用基于Transformer的解码器学习生成低能态的量子电路分布。训练通过加权均方误差损失实现,比较模型输出与每个门子序列对应的电路能量。在四比特海森堡模型上验证,成功收敛至近基态。系统性超参数探索表明:较小模型架构(12层,8注意力头)、较长序列长度(12个门)及精心选择的算符池可获得最可靠收敛。结果表明,生成方法可在无问题特定对称性或结构的前提下有效穿越复杂能谷。这为通用量子系统提供了可扩展的替代方案。开源代码见https://github.com/Mindbeam-AI/SpinGQE。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The ground state search problem is central to quantum computing, with applications spanning quantum chemistry, condensed matter physics, and optimization. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) has shown promise for small systems but faces significant limitations. These include barren plateaus, restricted ansatz expressivity, and reliance on domain-specific structure. We present SpinGQE, an extension of the Generative Quantum Eigensolver (GQE) framework to spin Hamiltonians. Our approach reframes circuit design as a generative modeling task. We employ a transformer-based decoder to learn distributions over quantum circuits that produce low-energy states. Training is guided by a weighted mean-squared error loss between model logits and circuit energies evaluated at each gate subsequence. We validate our method on the four-qubit Heisenberg model, demonstrating successfulconvergencetonear-groundstates. Throughsystematichyperparameterexploration, we identify optimal configurations: smaller model architectures (12 layers, 8 attention heads), longer sequence lengths (12 gates), and carefully chosen operator pools yield the most reliable convergence. Our results show that generative approaches can effectively navigate complex energy landscapes without relying on problem-specific symmetries or structure. This provides a scalable alternative to traditional variational methods for general quantum systems. An open-source implementation is available at https://github.com/Mindbeam-AI/SpinGQE.

量子算法生成模型自旋系统

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