提升多模态大模型路由精度,通过注意力与正则化适配器增强隐藏状态信号。
ReLope: KL-Regularized LoRA Probes for Multimodal LLM Routing
- 用注意力聚合前层隐藏状态,恢复分布式正确性信号。
- 引入KL正则化的轻量LoRA探针,学习路由感知表示。
- 在多模态场景下显著优于基线,适合资源受限的高效推理系统。
路由已成为平衡大型语言模型(LLM)系统性能与成本的有前景策略,通过结合轻量模型与强大但昂贵的大模型实现。近期研究表明,基于隐藏状态预测小模型输出正确性的‘探针路由’在纯文本LLM中表现良好。然而我们发现,当应用于多模态大模型(MLLMs)时,这类探针性能显著下降。通过实证分析,我们发现视觉输入会削弱隐藏状态中正确性信号的可区分性,导致标准探针设计难以有效提取。为此,我们提出两种互补方法以改进MLLM中的探针路由:第一,提出‘注意力探针’,通过关注得分聚合前层隐藏状态,恢复分散的正确性信号;第二,提出‘KL正则化LoRA探针(ReLope)’,在模型中插入轻量级LoRA适配器并施加KL正则化,以学习路由感知表示。大量实验表明,我们的方法持续优于基线,说明提升隐藏状态质量是实现高效多模态路由的关键。代码已开源:https://github.com/Spinozaaa/ReLope。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Routing has emerged as a promising strategy for balancing performance and cost in large language model (LLM) systems that combine lightweight models with powerful but expensive large models. Recent studies show that \emph{probe routing}, which predicts the correctness of a small model using its hidden states, provides an effective solution in text-only LLMs. However, we observe that these probes degrade substantially when applied to multimodal LLMs (MLLMs). Through empirical analysis, we find that the presence of visual inputs weakens the separability of correctness signals in hidden states, making them harder to extract using standard probe designs. To address this challenge, we introduce two complementary approaches for improving probe routing in MLLMs. First, we propose the \emph{Attention Probe}, which aggregates hidden states from the preceding layer based on attention scores to recover distributed correctness signals. Second, we present the \emph{KL-Regularized LoRA Probe (ReLope)}, which inserts a lightweight LoRA adapter and applies a KL regularizer to learn routing-aware representations. Comprehensive experiments show that our methods consistently outperform baselines, suggesting that improving the quality of hidden states is key to effective routing in MLLMs. Our code is available at https://github.com/Spinozaaa/ReLope.
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