提出无线生物电子控制的协同设计框架,解决生物机器人系统稳定性与自主性难题。
Wireless bioelectronic control architectures for biohybrid robotic systems
- 将信号传递、空间选择性等四要素整合为协同设计问题
- 揭示组织-器件界面是电磁耦合与机械响应的关键制约因素
- 推动从开环刺激向闭环自适应控制的转变,适合生物机器人研发者
无线生物电子接口在组织工程类生物混合机器人控制中日益重要,但设备设计与系统控制之间的统一工程框架仍不完善。本文提出,无线控制可视为信号传递、空间选择性、可扩展性与界面稳定性耦合的共设计问题。分析了三种代表性控制策略:无线电刺激、无线光电子刺激及神经肌肉整合,各自具有独特的性能权衡。在这些模态中,组织-器件界面成为关键约束,决定电磁耦合、电路性能与生物力学响应之间的相互作用。基于此框架,提出涵盖电磁场分布、电路架构和执行器力学的设计原则。进一步建议通过类器官集成生物电子与双向微电极接口,实现从开环刺激到闭环生物混合自主性的过渡。本研究建立无线生物电子控制的系统视角,为开发稳定、可扩展且自主的生物混合机器人提供设计指南。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Wireless bioelectronic interfaces are increasingly used to control tissue-engineered biohybrid robotic systems. However, a unifying engineering framework linking device design to system-level control remains underdeveloped. Here, we propose that wireless control in biohybrid robotics can be formulated as a coupled co-design problem of integrating signal delivery, spatial selectivity, scalability, and interface stability. We analyze three representative control strategies, wireless electrical stimulation, wireless optoelectronic stimulation, and neuromuscular integration, which operates within a distinct regime with characteristic trade-offs. Across these modalities, the tissue-device interface emerges as a key constraint, governing the interplay between electromagnetic coupling, circuit performance, and biomechanical response. Based on this framework, we outline practical design principles spanning electromagnetic field distribution, circuit architecture, and actuator mechanics. We further propose a transition from open-loop stimulation to closed-loop biohybrid autonomy enabled by organoid-integrated bioelectronics and bidirectional microelectrode interfaces. This work establishes a system-level perspective on wireless bioelectronic control and provides design guidelines for developing stable, scalable, and autonomous biohybrid robotic systems.
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