通过生成模型量化乒乓球选手技能水平,揭示战术风格与真实实力关系。
How good was my shot? Quantifying Player Skill Level in Table Tennis
- 构建球员击球生成模型,联合嵌入至共享潜在空间以捕捉个体战术特征。
- 基于专业比赛3D重建数据训练,可区分不同选手的打法风格和真实技能水平。
- 仅用简单排名网络即可实现相对与绝对技能预测,适合竞技行为分析场景。
评估个体技能水平至关重要,因其直接影响行为模式。然而,技能是观测动作背后的潜在属性,难以量化。为探索人类行为中的技能理解,我们聚焦双人对抗性运动——乒乓球,其技能不仅体现在复杂动作,更反映在特定比赛情境下的击球细微差异。核心思路是为每位球员学习一个生成式战术击球模型,并将其联合嵌入到共享的潜在空间中,以编码个体特征(包括技能水平)。模型在大规模3D重建的职业赛事数据上训练,结合球员位置、对手行为等完整比赛上下文进行条件建模,从而在潜在空间中捕获各球员独特的战术身份。通过对该学习空间的探查发现,其能有效反映不同打法风格及综合技能特征。进一步通过简单相对排名网络训练,验证了既能实现相对也能实现绝对技能预测。结果表明,所学玩家空间可有效量化技能水平,为复杂交互行为的自动化技能评估提供基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Gauging an individual's skill level is crucial, as it inherently shapes their behavior. Quantifying skill, however, is challenging because it is latent to the observed actions. To explore skill understanding in human behavior, we focus on dyadic sports -- specifically table tennis -- where skill manifests not just in complex movements, but in the subtle nuances of execution conditioned on game context. Our key idea is to learn a generative model of each player's tactical racket strokes and jointly embed them in a common latent space that encodes individual characteristics, including those pertaining to skill levels. By training these player models on a large-scale dataset of 3D-reconstructed professional matches and conditioning them on comprehensive game context -- including player positioning and opponent behaviors -- the models capture individual tactical identities within their latent space. We probe this learned player space and find that it reflects distinct play styles and attributes that collectively represent skill. By training a simple relative ranking network on these embeddings, we demonstrate that both relative and absolute skill predictions can be achieved. These results demonstrate that the learned player space effectively quantifies skill levels, providing a foundation for automated skill assessment in complex, interactive behaviors.
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