提出一种新型复数随机变量模型,更好拟合信号幅度特性。
A Power-Weighted Noncentral Complex Gaussian Distribution
- 直接在复平面上构建模型,保留复数几何结构
- 通过单个参数控制相位扩散,实现从弧形到集中分布的连续调节
- 统一了瑞利、纳卡吉米等常用分布,语音谱数据上表现更优
复高斯分布作为信号处理与通信中的基础谱模型和噪声模型被广泛使用,但其高斯结构常难以表征实际源信号中多样的幅度特征。现有基于超球面模型的非高斯幅度分布虽因幂律结构具备良好经验拟合效果,却未显式考虑复值观测固有的复平面几何特性。本文提出一种新的复值随机变量概率模型,可解释为幂权重非中心复高斯分布。该模型直接在复平面上构建,保持复数观测的几何结构,同时具备高维解释性。通过单一形状参数引入非线性相位扩散,可连续调控分布几何形态:从相位方向的弧形扩散过渡到概率质量向原点集中。本文推导了该模型的统计性质,分析了诱导的幅度与功率分布,结果表明其统一了瑞利(Rice)、纳卡吉米(Nakagami)及伽马(Gamma)等常用信号建模分布。在语音功率谱上的实验表明,该模型在对数似然指标上持续优于传统分布。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The complex Gaussian distribution has been widely used as a fundamental spectral and noise model in signal processing and communication. However, its Gaussian structure often limits its ability to represent the diverse amplitude characteristics observed in individual source signals. On the other hand, many existing non-Gaussian amplitude distributions derived from hyperspherical models achieve good empirical fit due to their power-law structures, while they do not explicitly account for the complex-plane geometry inherent in complex-valued observations. In this paper, we propose a new probabilistic model for complex-valued random variables, which can be interpreted as a power-weighted noncentral complex Gaussian distribution. Unlike conventional hyperspherical amplitude models, the proposed model is formulated directly on the complex plane and preserves the geometric structure of complex-valued observations while retaining a higher-dimensional interpretation. The model introduces a nonlinear phase diffusion through a single shape parameter, enabling continuous control of the distributional geometry from arc-shaped diffusion along the phase direction to concentration of probability mass toward the origin. We formulate the proposed distribution and analyze the statistical properties of the induced amplitude distribution. The derived amplitude and power distributions provide a unified framework encompassing several widely used distributions in signal modeling, including the Rice, Nakagami, and gamma distributions. Experimental results on speech power spectra demonstrate that the proposed model consistently outperforms conventional distributions in terms of log-likelihood.
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