arXiv:2603.26434cs.CL2026-03

用本地大模型从芬兰电子病历中自动提取临床信息,准确率达95%以上。

Automating Clinical Information Retrieval from Finnish Electronic Health Records Using Large Language Models

  • 采用本地部署的开源大模型,直接回答病历中的自然语言问题。
  • 70B参数模型在自由生成任务中准确率95.3%,一致性达97.3%。
  • 支持4/8位量化,降低显存占用,适合临床实际部署。

临床医生常需从电子健康记录(EHRs)中提取患者特定信息,该过程耗时且易出错。本文提出一个可本地部署的临床情境问答(CCQA)框架,无需外部数据传输即可直接回答来自EHR的问题。在完全离线条件下,使用1,664个由183名患者记录生成的专家标注问答对,对4B至70B参数的开源大语言模型进行评测,数据集以芬兰临床文本为主。在自由文本生成任务中,Llama-3.1-70B模型达到95.3%准确率和97.3%一致性;较小的Qwen3-30B-A3B-2507模型表现相近。多选题设置中,模型准确率相似但校准性能各异。低精度量化(4比特和8比特)在保持预测性能的同时显著降低GPU内存需求,提升部署可行性。临床评估发现2.9%输出存在临床显著错误,且语义等价问题偶尔产生矛盾回答,其中0.96%情况下一表述正确而另一含临床严重错误。结果表明,本地托管的开源大模型可高效准确地通过自然语言查询从病历中提取患者信息,但临床应用仍需验证与人工监督。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Clinicians often need to retrieve patient-specific information from electronic health records (EHRs), a task that is time-consuming and error-prone. We present a locally deployable Clinical Contextual Question Answering (CCQA) framework that answers clinical questions directly from EHRs without external data transfer. Open-source large language models (LLMs) ranging from 4B to 70B parameters were benchmarked under fully offline conditions using 1,664 expert-annotated question-answer pairs derived from records of 183 patients. The dataset consisted predominantly of Finnish clinical text. In free-text generation, Llama-3.1-70B achieved 95.3% accuracy and 97.3% consistency across semantically equivalent question variants, while the smaller Qwen3-30B-A3B-2507 model achieved comparable performance. In a multiple-choice setting, models showed similar accuracy but variable calibration. Low-precision quantization (4-bit and 8-bit) preserved predictive performance while reducing GPU memory requirements and improving deployment feasibility. Clinical evaluation identified clinically significant errors in 2.9% of outputs, and semantically equivalent questions occasionally yielded discordant responses, including instances where one formulation was correct and the other contained a clinically significant error (0.96% of cases). These findings demonstrate that locally hosted open-source LLMs can accurately retrieve patient-specific information from EHRs using natural-language queries, while highlighting the need for validation and human oversight in clinical deployment.

医疗AI大模型电子病历本地部署

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