用扩散模型生成无缠绕路径,让系缆机器人在复杂环境里不撞不绕。
Topological Motion Planning Diffusion: Generative Tangle-Free Path Planning for Tethered Robots in Obstacle-Rich Environments
- 用扩散模型生成多类拓扑路径候选,避免传统搜索瓶颈。
- 在障碍密集场景中实现100%避障、97.0%防缠绕,效率更高。
- 适合水下探测和灾后救援等系缆机器人长期导航任务。
在深海勘探和灾后救援等极端环境中,系缆机器人需持续导航且避免电缆缠绕。传统规划方法因缺乏拓扑感知而失效,而拓扑增强的图搜索方法在障碍密集环境下因候选拓扑类数量激增面临计算瓶颈。为此,我们提出拓扑运动规划扩散模型(TMPD),一种融合长期拓扑记忆的生成式规划框架。不同于顺序图搜索,TMPD利用扩散模型生成跨多种同伦类的运动学可行轨迹候选。随后,基于广义环绕数计算的系缆感知拓扑后端,评估候选路径相对于累积缆绳构型的拓扑能量,并进行筛选与优化。在障碍密集的仿真环境中测试表明,TMPD实现了100%无碰撞抵达率与97.0%无缠绕率,优于传统拓扑搜索及纯运动学扩散基线,在几何平滑性与计算效率上均具优势。结合真实缆绳动力学的仿真进一步验证了该方法的实际可行性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In extreme environments such as underwater exploration and post-disaster rescue, tethered robots require continuous navigation while avoiding cable entanglement. Traditional planners struggle in these lifelong planning scenarios due to topological unawareness, while topology-augmented graph-search methods face computational bottlenecks in obstacle-rich environments where the number of candidate topological classes increases. To address these challenges, we propose Topological Motion Planning Diffusion (TMPD), a novel generative planning framework that integrates lifelong topological memory. Instead of relying on sequential graph search, TMPD leverages a diffusion model to propose a multimodal front-end of kinematically feasible trajectory candidates across various homotopy classes. A tether-aware topological back-end then filters and optimizes these candidates by computing generalized winding numbers to evaluate their topological energy against the accumulated tether configuration. Benchmarking in obstacle-rich simulated environments demonstrates that TMPD achieves a collision-free reach of 100% and a tangle-free rate of 97.0%, outperforming traditional topological search and purely kinematic diffusion baselines in both geometric smoothness and computational efficiency. Simulation with realistic cable dynamics further validates the practicality of the proposed approach.
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