arXiv:2603.26711cs.ROcs.SY2026-03

将轨迹分两步处理,让机器人在曲面上稳定重复作业

Surface-Constrained Offline Warping with Contact-Aware Online Pose Projection for Safe Robotic Trajectory Execution

  • 离线变形轨迹贴合曲面,在线实时修正姿态和位置
  • 相比直接拼接,大幅减少穿插与姿态突变,保持接触稳定
  • 适合少传感器的工业曲面加工任务

需要沿曲面重复工具运动的机器人操作任务在表面抛光、检测和引导交互中常见。实践中,通常独立于实际表面设计运动基元,再复用于不同几何形状。直接将这些基元铺贴到非平面表面会引入几何不一致,导致穿插、姿态不连续及周期性累积漂移。本文提出两阶段框架,将几何嵌入与执行调控分离:离线通过非对称双轨点微分变形与轴向一致性姿态补全,将标准周期性基元嵌入曲面,生成适应表面的参考轨迹;在线通过基于柔性应变传感器的扰动自适应与圆锥形姿态安全约束,实现相对于参考轨迹的有限偏差控制。在多个解析曲面族及真实机器人对正弦曲面的实验验证中,相比直接拼接,几何连续性提升,大姿态跳变减少,接触维持更鲁棒。结果表明,离线几何重映射与轻量级在线投影解耦,可在少传感器反馈下实现稳定可重复的曲面嵌入轨迹执行。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robotic manipulation tasks that require repeated tool motion along curved surfaces frequently arise in surface finishing, inspection, and guided interaction. In practice, nominal motion primitives are often designed independently of the deployment surface and later reused across varying geometries. Directly tiling such primitives onto nonplanar surfaces introduces geometric inconsistencies, leading to interpenetration, orientation discontinuities, and cumulative drift over repeated cycles. We present a two-stage framework that separates geometric embedding from execution-level regulation. An offline surface-constrained warping operator embeds a nominal periodic primitive onto curved surfaces through asymmetric diffeomorphic deformation of dual-track waypoints and axis-consistent orientation completion, producing a surface-adapted reference trajectory. An online contact-aware projection operator then enforces bounded deviation relative to this reference using FSR-driven disturbance adaptation and a conic orientation safety constraint. Experiments across multiple analytic surface families and real-robot validation on a sinusoidal surface demonstrate improved geometric continuity, reduced large orientation jumps, and robust contact maintenance compared with direct tiling. These results show that decoupling offline geometric remapping from lightweight online projection enables stable and repeatable surface-embedded trajectory execution under sensor-lite feedbacks.

机器人控制轨迹规划曲面作业

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