arXiv:2603.26963cs.CRcs.LG2026-03

提出更优的网格划分策略,提升隐私保护聚类精度。

On the Optimal Number of Grids for Differentially Private Non-Interactive $K$-Means Clustering

  • 基于目标函数偏差上界优化网格数量选择
  • 在严苛隐私预算下仍保持高聚类准确率
  • 适合需要重复使用的隐私聚类场景

差分隐私 $K$-均值聚类可在保护个体隐私的同时发布聚类中心。基于私有化直方图的非交互式聚类技术因其释放的数据摘要可重复用于下游任务而备受青睐,无需额外隐私损耗。数据点离散化的网格数量选择至关重要,它直接控制量化偏差和注入的噪声量。现有广泛采用的策略独立于聚类数,且依赖经验调参。本文重新审视该选择,提出通过最小化 $K$-均值目标函数期望偏差上界推导出的网格大小选择规则,实现更严谨的非交互式隐私聚类离散化策略。相比之前方法,本方法的网格分辨率不仅依赖聚类数,还随数据集规模和隐私预算变化。大量数值实验表明,所提策略在严苛隐私预算下仍能实现与最先进方法相当甚至更优的聚类准确率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Differentially private $K$-means clustering enables releasing cluster centers derived from a dataset while protecting the privacy of the individuals. Non-interactive clustering techniques based on privatized histograms are attractive because the released data synopsis can be reused for other downstream tasks without additional privacy loss. The choice of the number of grids for discretizing the data points is crucial, as it directly controls the quantization bias and the amount of noise injected to preserve privacy. The widely adopted strategy selects a grid size that is independent of the number of clusters and also relies on empirical tuning. In this work, we revisit this choice and propose a refined grid-size selection rule derived by minimizing an upper bound on the expected deviation in the K-means objective function, leading to a more principled discretization strategy for non-interactive private clustering. Compared to prior work, our grid resolution differs both in its dependence on the number of clusters and in the scaling with dataset size and privacy budget. Extensive numerical results elucidate that the proposed strategy results in accurate clustering compared to the state-of-the-art techniques, even under tight privacy budgets.

差分隐私聚类网格划分非交互式

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