构建首个跨死亡前后虹膜数据集，提升死后身份识别准确性。
Beyond Mortality: Advancements in Post-Mortem Iris Recognition through Data Collection and Computer-Aided Forensic Examination
- 收集259人死后虹膜图像，含死亡前后对比数据，最大尸僵时间达1674小时。
- 基于338例样本验证五种算法，发现年龄与光照影响识别性能。
- 开发可解释的开源工具，支持死后虹膜图像检测与比对分析。
死后虹膜识别为法医身份验证提供了快速准确的手段，但也引发非法使用担忧。当前研究受限于数据采集困难及专用方法稀少。本文首次构建包含259名受试者、覆盖近红外（NIR）与可见光虹膜图像的死后数据集，其中最大尸僵时间（PMI）达1674小时，且首例实现同一受试者生前与死后图像对比。该数据集结合公开数据，评估了五种虹膜识别方法在338例死者样本上的表现，并分析了年龄、性别等人口统计因素的影响。此外，提出一种死后虹膜图像检测模型，用于识别类似伪造攻击的样本。最后，发布一个开源法医工具，集成三种死后虹膜识别方法，并加入可解释性设计，提升人工判读透明度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Post-mortem iris recognition brings both hope to the forensic community (a short-term but accurate and fast means of verifying identity) as well as concerns to society (its potential illicit use in post-mortem impersonation). These hopes and concerns have grown along with the volume of research in post-mortem iris recognition. Barriers to further progress in post-mortem iris recognition include the difficult nature of data collection, and the resulting small number of approaches designed specifically for comparing iris images of deceased subjects. This paper makes several unique contributions to mitigate these barriers. First, we have collected and we offer a new dataset of NIR (compliant with ISO/IEC 19794-6 where possible) and visible-light iris images collected after demise from 259 subjects, with the largest PMI (post-mortem interval) being 1,674 hours. For one subject, the data has been collected before and after death, the first such case ever published. Second, the collected dataset was combined with publicly-available post-mortem samples to assess the current state of the art in automatic forensic iris recognition with five iris recognition methods and data originating from 338 deceased subjects. These experiments include analyses of how selected demographic factors influence recognition performance. Thirdly, this study implements a model for detecting post-mortem iris images, which can be considered as presentation attacks. Finally, we offer an open-source forensic tool integrating three post-mortem iris recognition methods with explainability elements added to make the comparison process more human-interpretable.
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