发现男生更受隐私风险影响，女生更依赖透明度来保护隐私。
Gender-Based Heterogeneity in Youth Privacy-Protective Behavior for Smart Voice Assistants: Evidence from Multigroup PLS-SEM
- 用分组结构方程模型比较男女青少年对智能语音助手的隐私行为差异。
- 男生受隐私风险影响更大（β=0.424），女生通过信任提升自我效能后更愿保护隐私（β=0.229）。
- 提示需为不同性别设计差异化隐私保护策略，尤其关注非二元性别群体。
本文研究性别如何影响青年在智能语音助手（SVA）生态系统中的隐私决策。基于469名加拿大16-24岁青年的调查数据，采用多组偏最小二乘结构方程模型（Multigroup PLS-SEM），比较男性（N=241）与女性（N=174）在五个隐私构念上的差异：感知隐私风险（PPR）、感知隐私收益（PPBf）、算法透明度与信任（ATT）、隐私自我效能（PSE）及隐私保护行为（PPB）。结果提供探索性证据，显示性别在部分路径中存在异质性：男性的PPR对PPB的直接效应更强（男性：β=0.424；女性：β=0.233；p<0.1），而女性中ATT通过PSE影响PPB的间接效应更强（女性：β=0.229；男性：β=0.132；p<0.1）。对非二元性别（N=15）和不愿透露性别者（N=39）的描述性分析显示其信任更低、风险感知更高，提示未来研究需使用足够样本量的性别多样性数据。总体而言，研究发现性别可能调节关键隐私路径，支持针对青年SVA使用设计更具响应性的透明度与控制干预措施。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper investigates how gender shapes privacy decision-making in youth smart voice assistant (SVA) ecosystems. Using survey data from 469 Canadian youths aged 16-24, we apply multigroup Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling to compare males (N=241) and females (N=174) (total N = 415) across five privacy constructs: Perceived Privacy Risks (PPR), Perceived Privacy Benefits (PPBf), Algorithmic Transparency and Trust (ATT), Privacy Self-Efficacy (PSE), and Privacy Protective Behavior (PPB). Results provide exploratory evidence of gender heterogeneity in selected pathways. The direct effect of PPR on PPB is stronger for males (Male: \b{eta} = 0.424; Female: \b{eta} = 0.233; p < 0.1), while the indirect effect of ATT on PPB via PSE is stronger for females (Female: \b{eta} = 0.229; Male: \b{eta} = 0.132; p < 0.1). Descriptive analysis of non-binary (N=15) and prefer-not-to-say participants (N=39) shows lower trust and higher perceived risk than the binary groups, motivating future work with adequately powered gender-diverse samples. Overall, the findings provide exploratory evidence that gender may moderate key privacy pathways, supporting more responsive transparency and control interventions for youth SVA use.
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