arXiv:2603.27481cs.LGcs.AI2026-03中稿 · CVPR被引 2

解决视觉语言模型持续学习中的遗忘问题,动态调整令牌分配。

On Token's Dilemma: Dynamic MoE with Drift-Aware Token Assignment for Continual Learning of Large Vision Language Models

  • 根据令牌路由特征动态引导,避免旧任务令牌误入新专家
  • 相比基线提升7%平均最终准确率,遗忘率降低12%
  • 适合需要持续学习的多模态大模型研究者

多模态持续指令微调旨在不断通过新数据增强大型视觉语言模型(LVLMs)的能力,同时不遗忘已有知识。基于混合专家(MoE)架构可通过增量添加新专家和扩展路由器来实现此目标,而保持原有专家冻结。然而,尽管存在专家隔离,基于MoE的持续学习方法仍因路由漂移(routing-drift)导致遗忘:旧任务的令牌被错误地吸引至新加入的专家,从而降低对先前任务的性能。我们从令牌层面分析失败模式,揭示了令牌困境:新任务数据中模糊且陈旧的令牌学习收益极低,但若被路由至新专家则会引发遗忘,因其在训练期间路由分配模糊。受此启发,我们提出LLaVA-DyMoE,一种动态MoE框架,通过漂移感知的令牌分配实现增量扩展。我们通过路由分数分布刻画令牌类型,并施加针对性正则化。具体而言,令牌级分配引导将模糊和陈旧的令牌从新专家中避开,以保护既有的路由模式并缓解路由漂移;同时,互补的路由分数正则化强化专家组分离并促进新专家专业化。大量实验表明,我们的LLaVA-DyMoE有效缓解由路由漂移引起的遗忘,相比基线在平均最终准确率上提升超过7%,遗忘率减少12%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning aims to continually enhance Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) by learning from new data without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures naturally facilitate this by incrementally adding new experts and expanding routers while keeping the existing ones frozen. However, despite expert isolation, MoE-based continual learners still suffer from forgetting due to routing-drift: old-task tokens become mistakenly attracted to newly added experts, degrading performance on prior tasks. We analyze the failure mode at the token level and reveal the token's dilemma: ambiguous and old tokens in new-task data offer minimal learning benefit yet induce forgetting when routed to new experts, due to their ambiguous routing assignment during training. Motivated by this, we propose LLaVA-DyMoE, a dynamic MoE framework that incrementally expands the MoE with drift-aware token assignment. We characterize token types via their routing score distributions and apply targeted regularization. Specifically, a token-level assignment guidance steers ambiguous and old tokens away from new experts to preserve established routing patterns and alleviate routing-drift, while complementary routing score regularizations enforce expert-group separation and promote new-expert specialization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our LLaVA-DyMoE effectively mitigates routing-drift-induced forgetting, achieving over a 7% gain in mean final accuracy and a 12% reduction in forgetting compared to baselines. The project page is https://zhaoc5.github.io/DyMoE.

持续学习混合专家视觉语言模型路由漂移

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