arXiv:2603.27536cs.AI2026-03

用场景化框架评估大模型驾驶风险推理,发现不同模型对同一情况判断差异大。

Dual-Stage LLM Framework for Scenario-Centric Semantic Interpretation in Driving Assistance

  • 构建时间限定的驾驶场景窗口,固定提示与风险评分规则
  • 三种模型在风险等级、证据使用上存在系统性分歧
  • 适合关注自动驾驶安全与大模型可解释性的研究者

高级驾驶辅助系统(ADAS)越来越多依赖学习型感知,但安全问题常源于部分可观测性和风险语义模糊,而非组件故障。本文提出一种面向场景的框架,用于可复现地审计城市驾驶中基于大模型的风险推理。从多模态驾驶数据构建确定性、时序约束的场景窗口,在固定提示和封闭数值风险体系下评估,确保模型输出结构化且可比。在精心筛选的近行人场景集上,对比两种纯文本模型与一种多模态模型,输入与提示完全一致。结果揭示各模型在风险严重性判定、高风险误升、证据使用及因果归因上存在系统性差异。对弱势道路使用者存在的解读也出现分歧,表明变异性往往反映内在语义不确定性,而非单一模型失效。研究强调场景化审计与显式模糊性管理在安全对齐驾驶辅助系统中的重要性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) increasingly rely on learning-based perception, yet safety-relevant failures often arise without component malfunction, driven instead by partial observability and semantic ambiguity in how risk is interpreted and communicated. This paper presents a scenario-centric framework for reproducible auditing of LLM-based risk reasoning in urban driving contexts. Deterministic, temporally bounded scenario windows are constructed from multimodal driving data and evaluated under fixed prompt constraints and a closed numeric risk schema, ensuring structured and comparable outputs across models. Experiments on a curated near-people scenario set compare two text-only models and one multimodal model under identical inputs and prompts. Results reveal systematic inter-model divergence in severity assignment, high-risk escalation, evidence use, and causal attribution. Disagreement extends to the interpretation of vulnerable road user presence, indicating that variability often reflects intrinsic semantic indeterminacy rather than isolated model failure. These findings highlight the importance of scenario-centric auditing and explicit ambiguity management when integrating LLM-based reasoning into safety-aligned driver assistance systems.

驾驶辅助大模型风险推理语义模糊

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