arXiv:2603.27583cs.ROcs.SY2026-03被引 3

让无人机通过自然语言指令安全飞行,自动纠错并生成可行路径。

LLM-Enabled Low-Altitude UAV Natural Language Navigation via Signal Temporal Logic Specification Translation and Repair

  • 用大模型将口语化指令转为可执行的时空逻辑表达式
  • 通过自动修复机制解决指令冲突,保持飞行安全
  • 适合复杂城市环境下的无人飞行器智能导航

低空无人机的自然语言导航为非专业操作员提供了智能便捷的空中服务接口。然而,在城市环境中部署该能力需将模糊指令精确转化为满足时空约束的安全、动态可行的运动规划。为此,我们提出一个统一框架:将自然语言指令翻译为信号时序逻辑(STL)规范,并通过混合整数线性规划(MILP)合成轨迹。针对自由形式自然语言生成可执行STL公式,我们设计了基于思维链监督和组相对策略优化(GRPO)的增强型大语言模型(LLM),确保语法正确性和语义一致性。此外,为解决严苛逻辑或空间要求引发的不可行问题,引入规范修复机制,结合基于MILP的诊断与LLM引导的语义推理,选择性放宽任务约束同时严格保障安全。大量仿真与真实飞行实验表明,该闭环框架显著提升自然语言到STL转换的鲁棒性,实现复杂场景下安全、可解释且可适应的无人机导航。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Natural language (NL) navigation for low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offers an intelligent and convenient solution for low-altitude aerial services by enabling an intuitive interface for non-expert operators. However, deploying this capability in urban environments necessitates the precise grounding of underspecified instructions into safety-critical, dynamically feasible motion plans subject to spatiotemporal constraints. To address this challenge, we propose a unified framework that translates NL instructions into Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications and subsequently synthesizes trajectories via mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Specifically, to generate executable STL formulas from free-form NL, we develop a reasoning-enhanced large language model (LLM) leveraging chain-of-thought (CoT) supervision and group-relative policy optimization (GRPO), which ensures high syntactic validity and semantic consistency. Furthermore, to resolve infeasibilities induced by stringent logical or spatial requirements, we introduce a specification repair mechanism. This module combines MILP-based diagnosis with LLM-guided semantic reasoning to selectively relax task constraints while strictly enforcing safety guarantees. Extensive simulations and real-world flight experiments demonstrate that the proposed closed-loop framework significantly improves NL-to-STL translation robustness, enabling safe, interpretable, and adaptable UAV navigation in complex scenarios.

无人机导航自然语言逻辑规划

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