大模型虽能对话，却未真正理解人类语言机制。
Conversational Agents and the Understanding of Human Language: Reflections on AI, LLMs, and Cognitive Science
- 对比神经网络与认知科学对语言的理解路径
- 当前聊天机器人仅模仿语言行为，未触及心智机制
- 适合关注AI与人类认知差异的研究者阅读
本文探讨计算机自然语言处理（NLP）与语言学、认知科学所研究的人类语言能力之间的关系。回顾了从早期NLP到大语言模型时代的发展历程，指出各主要范式在语言处理上与人类语言能力理论的异同。尽管当前基于人工神经网络的聊天机器人展现出令人印象深刻的语言能力，但语言技术的演进并未显著增进我们对人类心智如何处理自然语言的理解。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In this paper, we discuss the relationship between natural language processing by computers (NLP) and the understanding of the human language capacity, as studied by linguistics and cognitive science. We outline the evolution of NLP from its beginnings until the age of large language models, and highlight for each of its main paradigms some similarities and differences with theories of the human language capacity. We conclude that the evolution of language technology has not substantially deepened our understanding of how human minds process natural language, despite the impressive language abilities attained by current chatbots using artificial neural networks.
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