用分层语义拓扑地图实现大场景长期室内导航,速度提升7816倍
osmAG-Nav: A Hierarchical Semantic Topometric Navigation Stack for Robust Lifelong Indoor Autonomy
- 分层图结构替代密集栅格,用通行性计算边权而非欧氏距离
- 长路径规划延迟降低7816倍,局部地图内存不随地图范围增长
- 适合需要长期稳定运行的大型多层建筑机器人系统
在大规模多楼层环境中部署移动机器人需兼具空间可扩展性与局部运动精度。传统依赖单一占用栅格地图的导航系统在存储效率、跨楼层推理和长程规划方面存在严重瓶颈。本文提出osmAG-Nav,一个基于分层语义拓扑OpenStreetMap Area Graph(osmAG)标准的完整开源ROS2导航栈。系统采用“系统之系统”架构,分离全局拓扑推理与局部度量执行。层级osmAG规划器将密集栅格搜索替换为基于最近公共祖先(LCA)锚定的通路中心图上的管道式规划,边权源自局部栅格通行性而非欧氏距离,在校园级长路径上实现毫秒级规划。滚动窗口机制在机器人周围固定尺寸局部栅格化,使局部代价地图内存占用与总映射面积无关;分段执行策略将中间目标分发给标准ROS2控制器,实现平滑交接。系统鲁棒性通过结构感知的激光雷达定位框架增强,能过滤动态干扰并利用永久建筑先验。在真实多层室内外校园(>11,025 m²)上实验表明,在同层基准子集上,osmAG-Nav在长路径上规划延迟相比栅格基线最低降低7816倍,路径长度开销小且定位长期稳定。单层长距离任务进一步验证了集成栈可靠性。整个栈以模块化ROS2 Lifecycle Nodes形式发布。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The deployment of mobile robots in large-scale, multi-floor environments demands navigation systems that achieve spatial scalability without compromising local kinematic precision. Traditional navigation stacks, reliant on monolithic occupancy grid maps, face severe bottlenecks in storage efficiency, cross-floor reasoning, and long-horizon planning. To address these limitations, this paper presents osmAG-Nav, a complete, open-source ROS2 navigation stack built upon the hierarchical semantic topometric OpenStreetMap Area Graph (osmAG) map standard. The system follows a "System of Systems" architecture that decouples global topological reasoning from local metric execution. A Hierarchical osmAG planner replaces dense grid searches with an LCA-anchored pipeline on a passage-centric graph whose edge costs derive from local raster traversability rather than Euclidean distance, yielding low-millisecond planning on long campus-scale routes. A Rolling Window mechanism rasterizes a fixed-size local metric grid around the robot, keeping the local costmap memory footprint independent of the total mapped area, while a Segmented Execution strategy dispatches intermediate goals to standard ROS2 controllers for smooth handoffs. System robustness is reinforced by a structure-aware LiDAR localization framework that filters dynamic clutter against permanent architectural priors. Extensive experiments on a real-world multi-story indoor-outdoor campus (>11,025 m^2) show that, on the same-floor benchmark subset, osmAG-Nav delivers up to 7816x lower planning latency than a grid-based baseline on long routes while maintaining low path-length overhead and lifelong localization stability. A single-floor long-range robot mission further validates the integrated stack reliability. The full stack is released as modular ROS2 Lifecycle Nodes.
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