针对农机作业时农具偏移问题,提出预测控制方法提升轨迹跟踪精度。
A Predictive Control Strategy to Offset-Point Tracking for Agricultural Mobile Robots
- 将农具视为刚性偏移点,建模其动态与侧滑效应
- 实测中跟踪误差降低24%至56%,弯道峰值误差减少70%
- 适合需高精度避障的农机自动导航场景
机器人在农业中的应用日益广泛,有助于实现可持续实践并提升生产效率。然而,现有路径跟踪控制器通常仅关注机器人的运动中心,忽视了所挂接农具的空间占位和动态特性。实际作业中,如机械除草机或弹簧齿耕作机等农具体积大、刚性安装,并直接与作物和土壤交互;忽略其位置会降低跟踪性能,增加作物损伤风险。为此,本文提出一种闭式预测控制策略,扩展了文献[1]的方法。该方法专为阿克曼型农业车辆设计,明确将农具建模为刚性偏移点,同时考虑横向滑移和力臂效应。在两种不同农具的实地实验中,与先进基准控制器(包括反应式几何法、反应式反步法及基于模型的预测方案)对比,所提方法将中位跟踪误差降低24%至56%,在曲率过渡段峰值误差减少高达70%。这些改进显著提升了操作安全性,尤其在农具紧邻作物行作业时表现更优。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Robots are increasingly being deployed in agriculture to support sustainable practices and improve productivity. They offer strong potential to enable precise, efficient, and environmentally friendly operations. However, most existing path-following controllers focus solely on the robot's center of motion and neglect the spatial footprint and dynamics of attached implements. In practice, implements such as mechanical weeders or spring-tine cultivators are often large, rigidly mounted, and directly interacting with crops and soil; ignoring their position can degrade tracking performance and increase the risk of crop damage. To address this limitation, we propose a closed-form predictive control strategy extending the approach introduced in [1]. The method is developed specifically for Ackermann-type agricultural vehicles and explicitly models the implement as a rigid offset point, while accounting for lateral slip and lever-arm effects. The approach is benchmarked against state-of-the-art baseline controllers, including a reactive geometric method, a reactive backstepping method, and a model-based predictive scheme. Real-world agricultural experiments with two different implements show that the proposed method reduces the median tracking error by 24% to 56%, and decreases peak errors during curvature transitions by up to 70%. These improvements translate into enhanced operational safety, particularly in scenarios where the implement operates in close proximity to crop rows.
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