让无人机在干扰下自动调整姿态,保持通信稳定。
Communications-Aware NMPC for Multi-Rotor Aerial Relay Networks Under Jamming Interference
- 分层控制:上层优化最弱通信链路,下层约束飞行与天线方向。
- 抗干扰能力提升近100倍,显著减少通信中断。
- 适合对抗性环境下的无人机中继网络,需全自由度控制。
多旋翼飞行器(MRAVs)在依赖通信的任务中日益重要,但连接丢失会直接影响任务执行。现有抗干扰策略常将运动与通信分离,忽略了链路质量受飞行器姿态和天线朝向影响。在共面平台中,‘倾斜即平移’操作可能无意中使天线零点对准通信伙伴,加剧干扰下的性能退化。本文提出一种模块化通信感知控制方法,结合高层的极大极小轨迹生成器与底层非线性模型预测控制器(NMPC)。轨迹层优化最弱链路——即瞬时信干噪比最低的链路,该链路制约端到端调和平均容量;NMPC则满足飞行器动力学、执行器限制及天线对齐约束。天线方向性通过几何方式处理,避免显式辐射图参数化。在存在主动干扰器的中继场景中评估,并对比共面与倾斜螺旋桨架构。结果表明,最小端到端容量提升近两个数量级,严重中断事件大幅减少,平均容量略有提升。倾斜平台保持可行性与链路质量,而共面平台反复出现退化。研究显示,在对抗性定向约束下,全自由度是实现可靠通信感知运行的关键。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-Rotor Aerial Vehicles (MRAVs) are increasingly used in communication-dependent missions where connectivity loss directly compromises task execution. Existing anti-jamming strategies often decouple motion from communication, overlooking that link quality depends on vehicle attitude and antenna orientation. In coplanar platforms, ``tilt-to-translate'' maneuvers can inadvertently align antenna nulls with communication partners, causing severe degradation under interference. This paper presents a modular communications-aware control approach combining a high-level $\max$-$\min$ trajectory generator with an actuator-level Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC). The trajectory layer optimizes the \emph{weakest link}---the link with the lower instantaneous Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio, which bottlenecks the harmonic-mean end-to-end capacity---while the NMPC enforces vehicle dynamics, actuator limits, and antenna-alignment constraints. Antenna directionality is handled geometrically, avoiding explicit radiation-pattern parametrization. The method is evaluated in a relay scenario with an active jammer and compared across coplanar and tilted-propeller architectures. Results show a near two-order-of-magnitude increase in minimum end-to-end capacity, markedly reducing outage events, with moderate average-capacity gains. Tilted platforms preserve feasibility and link quality, whereas coplanar vehicles show recurrent degradation. These findings indicate that full actuation is a key enabler of reliable communications-aware operation under adversarial directional constraints.
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