arXiv:2603.28573cs.LGcs.AI2026-03

提出自适应动作替换框架,高效解决离线多智能体强化学习中的动作稀疏问题。

Learning Partial Action Replacement in Offline MARL

  • 将部分动作替换建模为上下文相关博弈,动态决定每步替换多少智能体
  • 在多个基准上表现最优,比前人方法提速99%以上,且更稳定
  • 适合追求高效率与鲁棒性的离线多智能体系统研究者

离线多智能体强化学习面临核心挑战:联合动作空间随智能体数量呈指数增长,导致数据覆盖极度稀疏,不可避免出现分布外(OOD)联合动作。部分动作替换(PAR)通过固定部分智能体使用数据集动作缓解此问题,但现有方法需枚举多种子集配置,计算成本高,且无法根据状态动态调整。本文提出PLCQL框架,将PAR子集选择建模为上下文带域问题,采用带不确定性加权奖励的近端策略优化学习状态相关的PAR策略。该策略在每步更新中动态决定替换智能体数量,平衡策略提升与保守值估计。理论证明估值误差与预期偏离智能体数成线性关系。相比先前基于PAR的方法SPaCQL,PLCQL将每次迭代的Q函数评估次数从n降至1,显著提升计算效率。实验表明,PLCQL在MPE、MaMuJoCo和SMAC基准上66%的任务获得最高归一化得分,在84%任务上超越SPaCQL,同时大幅降低计算开销。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces a critical challenge: the joint action space grows exponentially with the number of agents, making dataset coverage exponentially sparse and out-of-distribution (OOD) joint actions unavoidable. Partial Action Replacement (PAR) mitigates this by anchoring a subset of agents to dataset actions, but existing approach relies on enumerating multiple subset configurations at high computational cost and cannot adapt to varying states. We introduce PLCQL, a framework that formulates PAR subset selection as a contextual bandit problem and learns a state-dependent PAR policy using Proximal Policy Optimisation with an uncertainty-weighted reward. This adaptive policy dynamically determines how many agents to replace at each update step, balancing policy improvement against conservative value estimation. We prove a value-error bound showing that the estimation error scales linearly with the expected number of deviating agents. Compared with the previous PAR-based method SPaCQL, PLCQL reduces the number of per-iteration Q-function evaluations from n to 1, significantly improving computational efficiency. Empirically, PLCQL achieves the highest normalised scores on 66% of tasks across MPE, MaMuJoCo, and SMAC benchmarks, outperforming SPaCQL on 84% of tasks while substantially reducing computational cost.

多智能体离线强化学习动作替换高效算法

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。