arXiv:2603.28596cs.HCcs.AI2026-03中稿 · AIED 2026综述

用大模型辅助反思写作的规划与翻译,提升深度与结构质量。

Moving Beyond Review: Applying Language Models to Planning and Translation in Reflection

  • 基于认知写作理论,用对话式AI辅助反思写作的规划与概念提取。
  • 实验显示,规划与翻译阶段获支持时,反思深度和结构质量显著提升。
  • 适合教育技术研究者及需提升反思能力的学习者参考。

反思写作有助于发展学生的元认知能力,但学习者常难以进行深入反思,限制了学习成效。尽管大语言模型(LLMs)已被证明可提升写作能力,但其在反思写作中作为对话代理的应用效果参差不齐,且多聚焦于对已有文本的反馈,而非写作过程中的规划与组织支持。本文受认知写作理论(CPT)启发,首次将大模型应用于反思写作的规划与翻译阶段。我们提出Pensée工具,通过对话代理引导结构化反思规划,并自动提取关键概念以支持翻译。在93名参与者中开展对照实验,操纵不同写作阶段的AI支持。结果表明,在规划与翻译阶段获得支持时,反思深度与结构质量显著提高,但延迟后测中效果减弱。行为与感知分析进一步说明,符合CPT的对话支持能有效塑造反思过程与学习体验,为理论驱动的LLM在反思写作中的应用提供了实证依据。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reflective writing is known to support the development of students' metacognitive skills, yet learners often struggle to engage in deep reflection, limiting learning gains. Although large language models (LLMs) have been shown to improve writing skills, their use as conversational agents for reflective writing has produced mixed results and has largely focused on providing feedback on reflective texts, rather than support during planning and organizing. In this paper, inspired by the Cognitive Process Theory of writing (CPT), we propose the first application of LLMs to the planning and translation steps of reflective writing. We introduce Pensée, a tool to explore the effects of explicit AI support during these stages by scaffolding structured reflection planning using a conversational agent, and supporting translation by automatically extracting key concepts. We evaluate Pensée in a controlled between-subjects experiment (N=93), manipulating AI support across writing phases. Results show significantly greater reflection depth and structural quality when learners receive support during planning and translation stages of CPT, though these effects reduce in a delayed post-test. Analyses of learner behavior and perceptions further illustrate how CPT-aligned conversational support shapes reflection processes and learner experience, contributing empirical evidence for theory-driven uses of LLMs in AI-supported reflective writing.

反思写作大模型应用教育技术认知理论

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