arXiv:2603.28929cs.CL2026-03

提出新方法让模型识别未见过的意图组合,显著提升泛化能力。

Known Intents, New Combinations: Clause-Factorized Decoding for Compositional Multi-Intent Detection

  • 将句子分解为片段,分别处理意图再组合,提升组合泛化能力。
  • 在未见意图对上准确率达95.7,在噪声长句中仍保持62.5准确率。
  • 适合需要应对复杂、新奇用户请求的对话系统研发者。

多意图检测研究通常关注模型能否从单句中识别多个意图。本文提出更难且更具实际价值的问题:模型能否识别已知意图的新组合?现有基准测试对此评估不足,因训练与测试共享相似共现模式。为此,我们构建了CoMIX-Shift基准,通过保留意图对、话语模式变化、更长更嘈杂的包裹语、未见句式模板和零样本三元组,严格检验组合泛化能力。同时提出ClauseCompose——一种仅在单一意图上训练的轻量级解码器,对比全句基线(含微调的小型BERT)。在三个随机种子下,ClauseCompose在未见意图对上达到95.7精确匹配,在话语模式迁移下为93.9,在长/嘈杂句中为62.5,在未见句式模板中为49.8,在未见三元组中为91.1;全句多标签模型分别为81.4、55.7、18.8、15.5、0.0;小型BERT为91.5、77.6、48.9、11.0、0.0。另在人工构建的240例SNIPS风格组合数据集(含5组保留意图对)中,ClauseCompose在未见对上达97.5,连接词变化下为86.7;全句模型分别为41.3和10.4。结果表明,多意图检测需更强的组合评估,而简单因子分解在合适评测下表现惊人。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-intent detection papers usually ask whether a model can recover multiple intents from one utterance. We ask a harder and, for deployment, more useful question: can it recover new combinations of familiar intents? Existing benchmarks only weakly test this, because train and test often share the same broad co-occurrence patterns. We introduce CoMIX-Shift, a controlled benchmark built to stress compositional generalization in multi-intent detection through held-out intent pairs, discourse-pattern shift, longer and noisier wrappers, held-out clause templates, and zero-shot triples. We also present ClauseCompose, a lightweight decoder trained only on singleton intents, and compare it to whole-utterance baselines including a fine-tuned tiny BERT model. Across three random seeds, ClauseCompose reaches 95.7 exact match on unseen intent pairs, 93.9 on discourse-shifted pairs, 62.5 on longer/noisier pairs, 49.8 on held-out templates, and 91.1 on unseen triples. WholeMultiLabel reaches 81.4, 55.7, 18.8, 15.5, and 0.0; the BERT baseline reaches 91.5, 77.6, 48.9, 11.0, and 0.0. We also add a 240-example manually authored SNIPS-style compositional set with five held-out pairs; there, ClauseCompose reaches 97.5 exact match on unseen pairs and 86.7 under connector shift, compared with 41.3 and 10.4 for WholeMultiLabel. The results suggest that multi-intent detection needs more compositional evaluation, and that simple factorization goes surprisingly far once evaluation asks for it.

多意图检测组合泛化轻量解码

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